Agronomy, Vol. 9, n°867. Genotype-Environment Interaction: Trade-Os between the Agronomic Performance and Stability of Dual-Purpose Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes in Senegal [texte imprimé] / Malick Ndiaye, Auteur ; Myriam Adam, Auteur ; Komla Kyky Ganyo, Auteur ; A Guissé, Auteur ; Ndiaga Cissé, Auteur ; Bertrant Muller, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - 16 p. Langues : Français ( fre) Catégories : | SCIENCES ET PRODUCTIONS VEGETALES
| Mots-clés : | Sorgho, Interaction G E, performance, stabilité, AMMI, génotype hybride | Index. décimale : | F313- Variation des caractères: Genotype , phenotype, caractère physiologique, vigueur, adaptation | Résumé : | Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the main cereals grown in arid and semi-arid tropical regions [1]. Sorghum is well-adapted to warm regions and, given its plasticity, is able to grow in both temperate and tropical regions. With a global production of about 68.9 million tons in 2015, from around 49.9 million hectares, sorghum ranks fifth in cereal production after maize, wheat, rice and barley [2]. It is mainly used for animal feed in most developed countries, but in Africa and India it is a staple food for millions of people [3]. In addition, sorghum is one of the most important crops that can be used for bioethanol production [4]. In Senegal, after pearl millet and maize, sorghum is the third most important dryland cereal crop, with an estimated total area of more than 221,329 ha for a national production of 225,865 tons and a mean yield of 1,020 kg ha1 [5]. Sorghum production is essential for subsistence agriculture [6]. However, its production comes up against several constraints that lead to low yields, such as irregularities in rainfall distribution exacerbated by climate change, low soil fertility and sandy soils, and various crop diseases and pests [7]. Food security initiatives in Senegal include introducing new sorghum genotypes adapted to dierent soil and climate environments. However, when genotypes are evaluated for recommendation, a common problem arises: the high variability of their productivity from year to year and from environment to environment. Such variability creates diculty in determining which genotypes can be recommended, so it deserves careful consideration. The dierent responses of a genotype in dierent environments are known as genotype environment interaction (G E). Understanding G E interaction will help to (1) identify genotypes with a stable performance in fairly diverse growing conditions, and (2) match specific genotypes to specific environments [8]. Several statistical methods have been developed to characterize the eect of G E interactions of genotypes and to predict phenotypic responses to environmental changes. However, statistical methods for characterizing stability are generally not able to provide an accurate and complete response model for this interaction [9], as the genotypic response to environmental variation is multivariate, while most stability indices have a univariate response [10]. Other methods have therefore been developed to explore G E interaction models. Of these, the AMMI is a robust multivariate method for multi-environmental trials [11]. The additive main eect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method combines an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a principal component analysis (PCA) in a unified approach that can be used to analyze multi-location trials [12–14]. The ANOVA studies the main eects of genotypes and environments and the principal component analysis (PCA) then focuses on the non-additive part of the model representing interaction (G E). AMMI provides the G E interaction sum of squares with a minimum number of degrees of freedom. In addition, AMMI concurrently quantifies the contribution of each genotype and environment to G E interaction, and provides an easy graphical interpretation of the results using a biplot technique to classify genotypes and environments together [12,15]. This technique can therefore be used to identify productive genotypes with wide adaptability and mega-environments, and to delimit environments in which genotypes have specific adaptability [14–16]. The objective of this study was to: (1) analyze the genotypeenvironment interactions, daptability
and stability of 10 sorghum genotypes in several environments in Senegal using the AMMI method, and (2) identify genotypes that performed well in terms of grain and/or biomass yield (i.e., dual-purpose: food and feed). |
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