n45Opt Shopt Communications L 0. ...
n45Opt
Shopt Communications
L
0.
;’
2 ”
I
” *;
Authors’ addresses: ISKA, CNRA, B.‘. 53, Bambey (Senegal), and Viroiogy Unit, internarional
Ic
gz
Instirure of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan (Nigeria).
&J?
‘SL
r-
u-2
z c
a
;c
With one jtguw
Abstract
For identification of cowpea viruses existing in Senegal. 1 SC samples collecred from 4 different
locations were esamined. InitiaIl\\ agat gel diffusion tests a-ere employed to identil’y the viruses
presenr in these samples using antisera tp 3 beetle-transmitted viruses viz. CPMV, SBM\\: and CMeV.
The resuhs indicated the presence of SB.$4V in 78 samples mosrly from Casamance whi!e none of these
viruses nere detected in the samples collected from northern Senegal. These resulrs nere later
confirmcd by Enzyme-linked Immunesorbent Assay (ELISA). This is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal.
$usammenfassung
Auftreten des Southern Bead Mosaic Virus an der Augenbohne im Senegal
Es nwrden 180 Augenbohnenproben aus 4 verschiedcnen Gebieten im Senegal gesammeh, un;
die Existenz der Viren zu beweisen. Zuerst aurden Agargeldiffusionstesrs mit Hiife van Anrisera auf
drei kaferibertragende Viren, und znar $I%V, SBMV und CMeV, angewandt, um die in den Proben
vorhandenen Vire, zu identifizieren. Dje Ergebnisse zeigten das Vorhandensein rom SBMV in 78
Proben, die zum gr6Dten Teil aus der Provinz Casamance im Sud-Senegal stammren. Keine Probe aus
Nord-Senegal weisr eines der getesteten Viren auf. Diese Ergebnisse wurden zu einem spateren
Termin durch ELISA bestarigt. Cher ain Auftreren des SBMV im Senegal wird zum ersren mal
berichtet.
Virus diseases are considetied to be J major constraint in producrion o f
cowpea (Vig7za mguicduta [L.] Walp) and several viruses are known to infect
cowpea (~Horr.~rr~l!.LY
and Ras~~ 198s).
Cotvpeas are often aliected 10 y virus diseases in a11 ecological zones c\\f
Senegal, ,aithough, they are more 1 ,onounced in Casamance region in southern
Senegal. The symptoms of the di> ase showed slight variation in the different
regions. The disease in northern SI legal showed light green mottle with severe
leaf distortion while thar in Casam lce showed mottle with more yellowing and
rare leaf distortion. This differenc
in symptoms is probably due to different
viruses existing in two geographica zones in Senegal.
The distribution of the beetle Ootheca mutabilis, vector of cowpea mosaic
virus (CPMV) (CHANT 1959, BONI 1971), cowpea mottle virus (CMeV) (SHOY-
IN~, et d. 1978, ALLE~ er al. 191 I) and southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV)
(ALLEN e.t al. 1981) interestingly SI )wed an abundance in the Casamance region
(Dr. Azrz MBAYE, pers. Comm.).
In order to identify the uir\\ Les occurring in Senegal, virus affected leaf
samples of cowpea were collected ‘rom different locations viz. Bambey (North
Central), Nioro (South Central), S fa and Djibelor (Casamance region in south-
ern Senegal) during October 1986 Out of 180 samples collected, 42 were from
Bambey, 17 from Nioro, i4 from iefa and the rest were from Djibelor. In our
initial experiments agar gel diffusk 1 tests were employed to identify the viruses
n452pz
Fig. 1. Slap of Sent$ showing locations of sample collection
L
present 1r-1 thrse samples using antiiera to the three beetle-transmitted viruses, viz.
CPMV. SBMV and CMeV obtaiqrd from IITA, Nigeria.
Al1 samples collected from Bambev showed negarive reaction againsr antisera
of the 3 \\viruses indicating that norJe of these viruses were prevailing in this region.
Five samples collected from Niorb and 4 from Sefa showed positive reaction to
antiserurn of SBMV but negative i;eaction to antisera of CPMV and CMeV. Rest
of the samples from these locationp showed negative reaction to antisera of a11 the
three viruses. Out of 107 samplel collected from Djibelor, 69 showed positive
reaction to antiserum of SBMV bbt negative reaction to antisera of CPMV and
CMeV. The rest of the samples shpwed negative reaction to the antisera of ail the
3 vii-uses.
The above results were agam confirmed bv ELISA.
Although a11 viruses occurri
in cowpea’in Senegal are not yet identified,
the present results clearly
that SBMV was predominant in Casamance
region oi Senegal during 1986 cropi season. This is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal and its aride sbread occurrence (Nioro, Sefa and Djibelor)
emphasises the possible spread toiother areas and the need to identify varieties
with resistance to this and other &ruses in the region.
Field occurrence of southernibean mosaic virus {SBMV) on cowpea, \\fign‘z
unguiculata L. (Walp.) was first ireported from the U.S.A. (KUHN 1963) and
subsequently from India (SEGH ahd SINGH 1974). In Africa, SBMV on cowpea
nas first reported from Ghana (L~MPTEY and HAMILTOS 1974). Subsequently it
was reposrred from Nigeria (LADIP~ 1975, SHOYINKA et al. 1979) and Ivory Coast
(FAUQUET and THOWENEL 1980, (CINORD 1981).
The attempts to identify othdr yiruses present in Senegal wiil be continued
using antisera to other cowpea vir/.tses.
The help rendered by Mr. NGOR DI~GNE, technician, Bambey, is grarefully acknowledged
Literature
n451 tx
AI LLN, D. J., F. 0. ,~NNO-NYAKQ R. S. ~OCHIENG, and M. It4TINUM, 1981: Beetle transmission of
.._
cov’pea morde and southern bean!mosaic virus in West Africa. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 58,
17’1.-175.
BO< K, R. k., 1971: Notes on East Africab plant diseases. 1. Cowpea mosaic virus. East Air. Agric.
Forest. J. 37, 63-62.
C:H!.NT. S. R., 1959: \\%Uses of cowpea, ?&y, wngu~cu/~ra L. (Wafp.) in Nigeria. Ann. Appl. Biol.
47, 56%373.
/
F+vQc~T. C., and J. C. THOL~‘ENEL, 1480: Viral diseases of trop plants in Lvory C,last. Paris,
ORSTON (Office de la Recherch ’ Scientifiques et Technique Outre-mer’).
GI\\‘oRI). L., 19~1: Southern bean mosaic \\irus
“i
located from cowpea (L’@a unguiculata) in the Ivora
Coast. Plant Disease 65, 75%756.1
Lit I IN. C. \\Y., 1963: Field occurrence and propertiec of the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic
virus. Phvrophatology 53. 732-73/3.
L~!~IIY~. J L.. 1973: Southern hean mos?c virus icowpea strain) in Nigeria. l<igeria Agr:,. J. 12,
23-2s.
SI?K;H, R., and R. SINGH, 1974: Natural t ection of sickle sena ((3arsw cora L.) and conpea (\\‘igna
rhrnsis Savi) plants by some ne1
strain of southern bean mosaic virus. Partugalia Acta
Biologica 13, 87-69.
SHOYIKKA, S. A., R. F. BOZARTH, J. REE
and H. W. ROSSEL, 1976: Cowpea mottle virus: a seed-
bol-ne virus 4th distinctive pro!
rties infecting cowpea in Nigeria. l’hytopathology 68,
693-699.
--> -.-t----7 and B. 0. OKUSAN>
, 1979: Field occurrence and identification of southern
bean mosaic virus (cowpea strain) 1 Nigeria. Turrialba 29, 111-l 16.
THOTTAPPILLY, G., and H. W. ROSSEL, 985: World-wide occurrence and distribution oi virus
diseases. In: SINGH, S. R., and 1
0. RACHIE (eds.), Cowpea Research, Production and
UriIizarion, pp. 155-l 71. John Ur ey & Sons, Chichester.
‘“,
Shopt Communications
L
0.
;’
2 ”
I
” *;
Authors’ addresses: ISKA, CNRA, B.‘. 53, Bambey (Senegal), and Viroiogy Unit, internarional
Ic
gz
Instirure of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan (Nigeria).
&J?
‘SL
r-
u-2
z c
a
;c
With one jtguw
Abstract
For identification of cowpea viruses existing in Senegal. 1 SC samples collecred from 4 different
locations were esamined. InitiaIl\\ agat gel diffusion tests a-ere employed to identil’y the viruses
presenr in these samples using antisera tp 3 beetle-transmitted viruses viz. CPMV, SBM\\: and CMeV.
The resuhs indicated the presence of SB.$4V in 78 samples mosrly from Casamance whi!e none of these
viruses nere detected in the samples collected from northern Senegal. These resulrs nere later
confirmcd by Enzyme-linked Immunesorbent Assay (ELISA). This is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal.
$usammenfassung
Auftreten des Southern Bead Mosaic Virus an der Augenbohne im Senegal
Es nwrden 180 Augenbohnenproben aus 4 verschiedcnen Gebieten im Senegal gesammeh, un;
die Existenz der Viren zu beweisen. Zuerst aurden Agargeldiffusionstesrs mit Hiife van Anrisera auf
drei kaferibertragende Viren, und znar $I%V, SBMV und CMeV, angewandt, um die in den Proben
vorhandenen Vire, zu identifizieren. Dje Ergebnisse zeigten das Vorhandensein rom SBMV in 78
Proben, die zum gr6Dten Teil aus der Provinz Casamance im Sud-Senegal stammren. Keine Probe aus
Nord-Senegal weisr eines der getesteten Viren auf. Diese Ergebnisse wurden zu einem spateren
Termin durch ELISA bestarigt. Cher ain Auftreren des SBMV im Senegal wird zum ersren mal
berichtet.
Virus diseases are considetied to be J major constraint in producrion o f
cowpea (Vig7za mguicduta [L.] Walp) and several viruses are known to infect
cowpea (~Horr.~rr~l!.LY
and Ras~~ 198s).
Cotvpeas are often aliected 10 y virus diseases in a11 ecological zones c\\f
Senegal, ,aithough, they are more 1 ,onounced in Casamance region in southern
Senegal. The symptoms of the di> ase showed slight variation in the different
regions. The disease in northern SI legal showed light green mottle with severe
leaf distortion while thar in Casam lce showed mottle with more yellowing and
rare leaf distortion. This differenc
in symptoms is probably due to different
viruses existing in two geographica zones in Senegal.
The distribution of the beetle Ootheca mutabilis, vector of cowpea mosaic
virus (CPMV) (CHANT 1959, BONI 1971), cowpea mottle virus (CMeV) (SHOY-
IN~, et d. 1978, ALLE~ er al. 191 I) and southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV)
(ALLEN e.t al. 1981) interestingly SI )wed an abundance in the Casamance region
(Dr. Azrz MBAYE, pers. Comm.).
In order to identify the uir\\ Les occurring in Senegal, virus affected leaf
samples of cowpea were collected ‘rom different locations viz. Bambey (North
Central), Nioro (South Central), S fa and Djibelor (Casamance region in south-
ern Senegal) during October 1986 Out of 180 samples collected, 42 were from
Bambey, 17 from Nioro, i4 from iefa and the rest were from Djibelor. In our
initial experiments agar gel diffusk 1 tests were employed to identify the viruses
n452pz
Fig. 1. Slap of Sent$ showing locations of sample collection
L
present 1r-1 thrse samples using antiiera to the three beetle-transmitted viruses, viz.
CPMV. SBMV and CMeV obtaiqrd from IITA, Nigeria.
Al1 samples collected from Bambev showed negarive reaction againsr antisera
of the 3 \\viruses indicating that norJe of these viruses were prevailing in this region.
Five samples collected from Niorb and 4 from Sefa showed positive reaction to
antiserurn of SBMV but negative i;eaction to antisera of CPMV and CMeV. Rest
of the samples from these locationp showed negative reaction to antisera of a11 the
three viruses. Out of 107 samplel collected from Djibelor, 69 showed positive
reaction to antiserum of SBMV bbt negative reaction to antisera of CPMV and
CMeV. The rest of the samples shpwed negative reaction to the antisera of ail the
3 vii-uses.
The above results were agam confirmed bv ELISA.
Although a11 viruses occurri
in cowpea’in Senegal are not yet identified,
the present results clearly
that SBMV was predominant in Casamance
region oi Senegal during 1986 cropi season. This is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal and its aride sbread occurrence (Nioro, Sefa and Djibelor)
emphasises the possible spread toiother areas and the need to identify varieties
with resistance to this and other &ruses in the region.
Field occurrence of southernibean mosaic virus {SBMV) on cowpea, \\fign‘z
unguiculata L. (Walp.) was first ireported from the U.S.A. (KUHN 1963) and
subsequently from India (SEGH ahd SINGH 1974). In Africa, SBMV on cowpea
nas first reported from Ghana (L~MPTEY and HAMILTOS 1974). Subsequently it
was reposrred from Nigeria (LADIP~ 1975, SHOYINKA et al. 1979) and Ivory Coast
(FAUQUET and THOWENEL 1980, (CINORD 1981).
The attempts to identify othdr yiruses present in Senegal wiil be continued
using antisera to other cowpea vir/.tses.
The help rendered by Mr. NGOR DI~GNE, technician, Bambey, is grarefully acknowledged
Literature
n451 tx
AI LLN, D. J., F. 0. ,~NNO-NYAKQ R. S. ~OCHIENG, and M. It4TINUM, 1981: Beetle transmission of
.._
cov’pea morde and southern bean!mosaic virus in West Africa. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 58,
17’1.-175.
BO< K, R. k., 1971: Notes on East Africab plant diseases. 1. Cowpea mosaic virus. East Air. Agric.
Forest. J. 37, 63-62.
C:H!.NT. S. R., 1959: \\%Uses of cowpea, ?&y, wngu~cu/~ra L. (Wafp.) in Nigeria. Ann. Appl. Biol.
47, 56%373.
/
F+vQc~T. C., and J. C. THOL~‘ENEL, 1480: Viral diseases of trop plants in Lvory C,last. Paris,
ORSTON (Office de la Recherch ’ Scientifiques et Technique Outre-mer’).
GI\\‘oRI). L., 19~1: Southern bean mosaic \\irus
“i
located from cowpea (L’@a unguiculata) in the Ivora
Coast. Plant Disease 65, 75%756.1
Lit I IN. C. \\Y., 1963: Field occurrence and propertiec of the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic
virus. Phvrophatology 53. 732-73/3.
L~!~IIY~. J L.. 1973: Southern hean mos?c virus icowpea strain) in Nigeria. l<igeria Agr:,. J. 12,
23-2s.
SI?K;H, R., and R. SINGH, 1974: Natural t ection of sickle sena ((3arsw cora L.) and conpea (\\‘igna
rhrnsis Savi) plants by some ne1
strain of southern bean mosaic virus. Partugalia Acta
Biologica 13, 87-69.
SHOYIKKA, S. A., R. F. BOZARTH, J. REE
and H. W. ROSSEL, 1976: Cowpea mottle virus: a seed-
bol-ne virus 4th distinctive pro!
rties infecting cowpea in Nigeria. l’hytopathology 68,
693-699.
--> -.-t----7 and B. 0. OKUSAN>
, 1979: Field occurrence and identification of southern
bean mosaic virus (cowpea strain) 1 Nigeria. Turrialba 29, 111-l 16.
THOTTAPPILLY, G., and H. W. ROSSEL, 985: World-wide occurrence and distribution oi virus
diseases. In: SINGH, S. R., and 1
0. RACHIE (eds.), Cowpea Research, Production and
UriIizarion, pp. 155-l 71. John Ur ey & Sons, Chichester.
‘“,