REPURLIC OF SENEGAL MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOE'MENT ...
REPURLIC OF SENEGAL
MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOE'MENT
DEPARTEMENT OF RESEARCH
.
ON CROPS PRODUCTION
SENEGALESE INSTITUTE
OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
-------
.
. . * ,-ANNUAL REPORT
ON COWPEA PHYTOPATHOLOGY - 1986
BY
D.G. GAIKWAD
.
JANUARY 1987
NATIONAL CENTER OF AGRONOMIC
RESEARCH BAMBEY
_..
. .^_. - _ .--.. .._.. _,
- 1 -
1 - INTRODUCTION :
A full fledged program on cowpea pathology was initiated during 1985.
Some preliminary screening in the screen house against bacterial blight and
virus diseases was carried out in 1985. This screening was continued during
"
this year also. In addition, screening against Cho$nephora pod rot was
initiated under field conditions. Some work on identification of viruses was
also carried out during this year. The results of these experiments are
discussed in the following paragraphs.
II - SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST MAJOR DISEASES :
2.1 - Disease nursery for Choanephora pod rot screening :
Wet pod rot of cowpea caused by Cho%nephora sp. was a serious disease
during 1985 season. Early varie'ties viz, Bambey 21 and CB 5 had suffered very
much in Diourbel and Louga regions. With a view to identifying the resistant
sources against this disease, a screening tria1 was conducted under field
conditions at Bambey. In a11 26$germplasm varieties were sown on 4.8.1986
~ . .
with 2 replications. Each test variety had a single row of 5 m length. The
spacing between two POWS was 80 cms while within two plants it was 50 cms. Every
after 5 rows there was one infector row. Four to six rows of B 21 were also
planted a11 around the experimental field. The infector rows were planted on
23.7.1986 with an intension that they Will catch the infection early and
multiply the inoculum by the time the test varieties are reached the stage for
infection. Sprinkler irrigation was given to the experimental plot in the
initial growth period as and when needed and at pod formation stage almost
everyday. The idea of frequent irrigations at pod formation stage was to create
favourable climatic conditions for development of the fungus.
The first appearance of the disease was noticed on Bambey 21 on
18.9.1986. Subsequently there was considerable increase in the disease presure.
However, it was not that high as it was last ycar. The observations were recorded
for both incidence and intensity in O-4 scale, 0 being free of disease and 4 with
100 % infection. Observations on plant stand, days to maturity, grain yield arrd
other diseases noticed were recorded. The summary of the results is presented
in table 1.
-2-
.
TABLE 1 : CHOhEPHORA SCREENING HIVERNAGE 86
SRNO VARIETY
PLANT GRAIN
YIELD/ MATURITY MEAN
MEAN
OTHER
COUNT YIELD
PLANT
(DAY~)
INCID.
INTENS.
DISEASES
Cg)
(8)
(O-4)
(O-4)
66-57
l3
66.3
5.1
64
1.5
1.5
CR
66-62
15
411.0
27.4
75
1.0
1.0
59-9 Dl
17
703.0
41.4
75
1.0
1.0
59-32
3. 5
679.7
45.3
75
1.0
1.0
78-1
1.9
892.8
47.0
64
1.0
1.0
59-29
1.9
994.1
52.3
64
1.5
1.5
RH
I
66-57
1. 5
161.6
10.8
64
2.5
1.5
CR
8
78-3
1 5
1602.8
106.9
64
2.0
1.5
RH
9 '78-35
6
88.3
14.7
64
2.0
1.5
10
78-26
19
862.9
45.4
64
,:-
1.5
1.5
CR
11
67-166
15
237.7
15.8
64
1.5
1.5
RH
12
58-57
18
1078.2
59 ???
64
1.5
1.5
CR
13
59-12
18
927.6
51.5
64
1.5
1.5
RH
14
58-2
14
427.7
30.6
75
1.5
1.5
CR
15
AS-3
14
_,596.4
42.6
64
1.5
1.0
CR
16
66-14
21
476x9
22.7
64
0.5
0.5
17
83-122
17
277.9
16.3
64
2.0
1.5
18
78-16
5
43.3
8.7
75
1.0
1.0
19
66-62
14
977.2
69.8
64
1.0
1.0
20
60-3
15
568.9
37.9
64
0.5
0.5
21
78-44
14
247.1
17.7
64
1.5
1.0
22
38-84
15
775.5
51.7
64
0.5
0.5
23
58-185 D2
16
275.8
17.2
64
1.5
1.0
24
58-79 Dl Al
13
395.7
30.4
64
1.0
1.0
25
79-i (ALAMB~)
17
203.9
12.0
64
1.0
1.0
26
59-24 T
19
314.9
16.6
64
0.5
0.5
27
TVU 3629 IFE (BROWN) 17
332.5
19.6
64
0.5
0.5
28
66-45
18
687.8
38.2
64
1.5
1.0
CR
29
78-33
14
528.7
37.8
64
1.5
1.5
30
67-219
"
11
414.1
37.6
64
1.0
1.0
31
58-95 D2 B2
19
1413.6
74.4
64
1.0
1.0
32
58-185 Dl B
20
648.8
32.4
64
2.0
1.0
33
58-39
19
144.5
13.1
64
1.0
1.0
34
58-74 Dl AR
19
1266.8
66.7
64
2.5
1.5
35
58-79 D2 B2
18
247.1
13.7
64
1.0
1.0
36
58-75
20
1178.6
58.9
64
0.5
0.5
37
66-36
20
1167.6
58.4
64
1.0
1.0
38
59-5
19
860.4
45.3
64
1.0
1.0
39
58-78
15
171.9
11.5
64
1.0
1.0
40
66-37
17
231.8
13.6
64
2.5
1.5
41
63-1
15
354.3
23.6
75
1.5
1.0
CR
42
78-31
18
-550~8
30.6
75
1.0
1;o
~
43
78-10
18
510.0
28.3
64
1.0
1.0
44
78-23
13
459.3
35.3
64
1.0
1.0
CR
45
58-15
1'7
993.1
58.4
64
1.5
1.0
46
78-24
1 !5
556.4
37.1
64
1.0
1.0
- 3 -
47
78-46
18
1394.9
77.5
64
1.0
1.0
48
66-17
17
406.0
23.9
75
1.0
1.0
CR
49
59-208
18
799 .o
44.4
64
1.0
1.0
50
58-44
21
543.5
25.9
75
1. .o
1.0
51
66-65
16
366.2
22.9
75
1.5
1.0'
52
78-12
20
660.9
33.0
75
0.5
0.5
53
TVU 1977 (OD)
18
372.8
20.7
75
0.5
0.5
54
82-3 (W~RTMORE)
8
21.5
7.2
**
1.0
1.0
55
82-5 (MBACKE SENEGAL) 11
115.0
38.3
**
1.0
1.0
56
68-226
14
435.4
31.1
64
1.0
1.0
5'7
83-4 (341-2-~~~81)
12
80.8
20.2
75
1.0
1.0
513
TVU 662.
12
890.8
74.2
75
1.0
1.0
5!3
58-152
13
310.3
31.0
75
1.0
1.0
60
78-25
16
877.8
54.9
75
1.0
1.0
6 l
58-191
20
616.3
30.8
75
1.0
1.0
62
BAMBEY 28
7
4.1
4.1
64
1.5
1.0
6 :3
58-107
.21
630.9
30.0
64
1.0
1.0
64
66-64
10
280.7
28.1
64
2.0
2.0
BB
65
58-30
20
873.6
43.7
64
1.0
1.0
66
58-185 T
.L6
1389.0
86.8
75
1.0
1.0
6 7
60-l
20
1104.2
55.2
64
1.0
1.0
68
66-52
13
307.6
76.9
64
1.0
1.0
69
h9-l-12-12
:13
263.5
20.3
64
1.5
1.5
BB
70
78-42
:1 5
785.4
52.4
64
1.5
1.5
71
58-32
2 0
'125~Q.9
62.8
64
1.5
1.0
72
78-6
:17
318.4
18.7
64
1.5
1.0
73
58-74 Dl Cl
2 1
236.1
23.6
64
1.5
1.0
74
167
:1 7
916.7
53.9
64
2.0
1.0
RH
7 5
66-5:
l7
198.7
11.7
75
1.0
1.0
76
78-11
20
705.8
35.3
64
1.5
1.0
77
78-32
:1 7
201.3
11.8
64
1.0
1.0
78
svs-3
2 1
362.5
17.3
64
1.0
1.0
79
B.AMBEY 26
1 1
248.3
22.6
64
1.0
1.0
RH
80
36-64
16
1159.4
72.5
64
1.0
1.0
CR
8 1.
POP 736
1. 6
353.9
22.1
64
1.5
1.5
CR
8 ;!
78-39
1. 3
230.4
17.7
75
1.0
1.0
83
78-20
1.6
1041.0
65.1
75
1.5
1.0
84
60-8
2 1
552.1
26.3
75
1.0
0.5
8 5
58-58
1. 5
490.8
32.7
75
1.0
1.0
8B
66-59
3. 2
310.0
25.8
75
1.0
1.0
87
58-151
15
722.3
48.2
75
1.0
1.0
RH
88
67-159
3. 5
759.4
50.6
75
1.0
1.0
89
78-40
18
269.4
15.0
75
1.0
1.0
90 .78-40
3.9
327.2
17.2
75
1.5
1.5
91
63-4 A
1.8
479.4
53.3
75
1.0
1.0
RH
92
58-95 D3
2 1
1485.5
70.7
75
1.0
1.0
93
66-l
L! 2
i70.1
16.8
75
1.0
1.0
CR
94.
TVU 62-07
1. 1
190.8
17.3
75
1.5
1.0
9 5
TVU 15-02-1G
3.9
1480.1
77.9
75
1.0
1.0
96
BAMBEY 27
9
210.1
23.3
75
1.5
1.0
97
TVX 199-Ol-F"(R83)
1.8
939;5
52.2
75
1.5
1.0
RH
98
58-40
11
600.5
54.6
75
1.0
1.0
99
58-56
2
96.9
96.9
75
1.0
1.0
100
59-13
i! 1
1406.0
67.0
75
1.5
1.0
101
66-48
1.0
425.7
42.6
75
1.0
1.0
- 4 -
102
66-76
15
545.5
36.4
75
1 . 5
1.5
103
66-5
DATA NOT AVAILABLE
104
66-73
9
459.0
51.0
75
1.0
f.0
105
58-20
18
985.7
54.8
75
1.0
1.0
1.06
58-152
18
469 .O
26.1
75
1.5
1.0
107
58-12
18
405.0
45.0
75
1.5
1.0
108
66-56
3
130.4
43.5
66
1.0
1.0
109
66-27
17
683.9
40.2
66
1.5
1.0
110
59-30
19
981.8
51.7
66
1.5
1.0
1 1 l
58-51
,2 1
892.3
42.5
66
1.0
1.0
112
58-52
12
544.2
45.4
66
1.0
1.0
1 1.3
66-77
:15
193.1
12.9
66
1.0
1.0
1 14
60-6
:1 2
617.7
51.5
66
1.0
1.0
115
66-29
20
872.4
43.6
66
1.0
1.0
116
58-55
2 1
517.7
24.7
66
1.5
1.0
117
66-50
:t 5
699.2
46.6
66
1.5
1.0
118
58-64
3
30.0
10.0
66
1.0
1.0
119
66-12
13
905.5
69.7
66
1.0
1.0
120
66-39
1 2
202.4
16.9
66
1.0
1
.
0
121.
58-81
20
347.'0
34.7
66
1.5
1.5
122
66-75
2
0.2
0.1
66
1.0
1.0
123
66-22
:5
668.4
44.6
66
1.0
1.0
124
66-47
16
,588.2
43.0
66
180
1.0
125
66-58
1.0
3rif. i
33.6
66
1.0
1.0
126
6 0 - 2
1.8
839.4
46.6
66
1.0
1.0
127
66-63
3. 1
349.8
31.8
66
1.0
1.0
128
60-9
3. 2
516.0
43.0
66
1.0
1.0
129
58-161
3.8
1183.6
65.8
66
1.0
1.0
130
66-70
4
53.1
13.3
66
1.5
1.0
131
78-37
7
73.2
10.5
66
2.0
1.5
132
78-2
210
1540.3
77.0
66
1.5
1.0
133
BAMBEY 32
8
60.4
7.6
66
1.0
1.0
134
66-13
19
97.3
5.1
66
1.0
1.0
135
58-19
19
495.5
26.1
66
1.0
1.0
136
58-221
11
389.8
35.4
66
1.0
1.0
137
78-8
19
1214.2
63.9
66
1.0
1.0
138
1 86
12
700.1
58.3
66
1.5
1.0
139
78-27
21
976.7
46.5
66
1.0
1.0
140
78-36
11
162.1
14.7
66
1.0
1.0
141
82-10
22
289.1
13.1
66
1.5
1.0
142
66-49
11
236.0
21.5
66
1.0
1.0
143
.BAMBEY 24
12
109.6
9.1
66
1.5
1.5
144
66-21
19
1657.4
87.2
66
1.0
1.0
CR
145
78-39
10
1‘98.6
19.9
66
1.0
1.0
146
59-25
21
1003.1
47.8
66
1.0
1.0
147
58-60
16
1036.6
64.8
66
0.5
0.5
148
78-38
12
212.8
17.7
66
1.5
1.0
149
TVU.4557
16
145.9
29.2
66
1.0
1.0
150
66-38
13
538.7
41.4
66
1.0
1.0
151
66-69
11
457.3
41.6
66
1.0
1.0
152
82-7
10
232.4
23.2
66
1.5
1.5
153
78-22
19
497.3
26.2
66
1.0
1.0
154
78-17
21
730.'6
34.8
66
1.5
1.0
5-
155
59-79 D3
14
9.5
0.7
66
0.5
0.5
156
58-43
18
706.4
39.2
66
1.0
1.0
15'7
68-240
22
464.1
21.1
66
1.0
1.0
158
BAMBEY 25
12
282.9
23.6
66
1.5
1.0
CR BB
159
66-68
14
599.4
42.8
66
2.0
1.0
160
78-19
14
455.3
32.5
66
1.5
1.0
BB
16 1
82-10
11
458.2
41.7
66
1.5
1.0
162
66-54
17
331.8
19.5
66
2.0
1.5
163
58-109
19
372.6
19.6
66
1.0
1.0
164
58-41
12
30.5
4.4
75
0.5
0.5
‘VR
165
63.5
16
222.5
13.9
75
1.0
1.0
166
78-29
10
253.6
25.4
67
0.5
0.5
167
78-30
19
1255.3
66.1
67
1.0
1.0
168
BAMBEY 31
12
117.0
9.8
67
1.5
1.0
169
78-43
17
327.3
19.3
67
1.5
1.5
170
58-80
19
1062.4
55.9
67
1.5
1.5
1'71
66-53
13
815.6
62.7
67
1.5
1.5
172
78-29
12
559.6
46.6
67
1.0
1.0
173" BAMBEY 22
4
147.3
36.8
67
1.5
1.0
BB
173
78-5
13
918.0
70.6
67
0.5
0.5
175
66-33
19
1293.2
68.1
75
1.0
1.0
176
66-74
10
247.0
24.7
67
1.5
1.0
177
58-79 Dl
11
173.6
15.8
75
1.5
1.0
178
67-95
20
4. 2
. . 5
14.9
75
1.0
1.0
179
78-21
18
-il+1.2
4.5
75
1.0
1.0
i30
60-6
"
16
1086.8
67.9
67
1.5
1.5
181
78-16
1
16.0
16.0
67
1.0
1.0
182
78-9
17
1319.8
77.6
67
1.5
1.0
183
63-6
8
460.5
57.6
67
1.0
1.0
184
DAN HAOUSSA (DH81-01)
5
247.7
49.5
67
1.0
1.0
VR
185
58-155
8
317.1
39.6
67
1.5
1.5
RH
186
66-72
10
180.8
18.1
67
0.5
0.5
187
67-32
15
195.7
13.0
67
1.0
1.0
188
66-64
14
349.4
25.0
67
2.0
1.0
189
78-7
17
1012.2
59.5
67
1.0
1.0
190
58-185 Dl A
18
245.8
13.7
67
1.5
1.0
191
66-67
16
485.2
60.7
67
1.0
1.0
192
58-47
15
706.4
47.1
67
1.5
1.0
193
58-74 Dl-02
18
1364.9
75.8
67
1.5
1.0
194
78-15
11
607.0
55.2
67
1.0
1.0
CR
195
66-149
14
412.3
29.5
67
0.5
0.5
196
59-26
16
504.1
31.5
67
1.0
1.0
197
58-79 D2 A2
8
171.3
21.4
67
1.0
1.0
198
66-55
9
210.9
23.4
67
1.5
1.0
199
58-95 D2
10
331.5
33.2
67
1.0
1.0
200
78-9
20
1'234.2
61.7
67
1.0
1.0
201
58-25
21
1014.9
48.3
67
1.5
1.0
202
78-11
18
1109.1
61.6
67
1.5
1.0
203
59-21
20
52.2
2.6
75
1.0
1.0
204
58-95 T
17
454.1
.26.7
75
1.0
1.0
205
AS 7
12
691.6
57.6
75
1.5
1.0
RH
206
82-9 (TW 4552)
14
373.0
26.6
75
1.0
1.0
CR
207
66-37
3
377.1
125.7
75
1.5
1.5
208
58-153
8
436-9
54.6
75
1.5
1.5
RE! VR
- 6 -
209
AS 5
7
331.6
47.4
75
1.0
1.0
210
67-167
18
597.9
33.2
75
2.0
1.0
BB
211
67-30
20
863.0
43.2
75
1.5
1.0
RH
2 3. 2
2-13
6
132.7
22.1
75
1.5
1.5
BB
2 3.3
58-79 D2 Bl
8
493.1
61.6
75
1.0
1.0
23.4
66-74
9
220.4
24.5
75
1.5
1.0
CR
215
63-8
14
373.1
26.7
75
1.0
1.0
2 3. 6
78-42
14
332.8
23.8
75
1.5
1.0
2 1. 7
82-6 V-73-1318
14
895.5
64.0
75
1.0
1.0
218
AS 6
6
171.9
28.7
75
1.0
1.0
2 3.9
58-79 T
21
888.4
42.3
75
1.5
1.0
220
66-54
10
183.8
18.4
75
1.5
1.5
221
66-89
22
1302.9
59.2
75
1.5
1.0
2C!2
82*8
4
15.6
5.2
75
1.0
1.0
2i!3
59-20 A
16
937.9
58.6
75
1.5
1.5
224
AS 2
14
1546.0
110.4
75
1.0
1.0
225
66-40
13
618.7
47.6
75
1.0
1.0
226
66-46
10
254.6
25.5
75
1.0
1.0
2 217
POP 736
16
166.4
10.4
75
1.0
1.0
2218
58-16 Dl
13
728.6
56.0
75
1.0
1.0
229
58-181
13
513.2
39.5
75
1.5
1.0
230
58-34
19
9a7.6
49.9
75
1.0
0.5
231
58-146
18
1321.5
73.4
75
1.5
1.0
232
58-28
21
635.8
30.3
75
1.5
1.0
233
82-2
13
527.9
40.6
75
1.0
1.0
234
78-45
9
*,. 543..2
60.4
75
1.0
1.0
235
58-74 T
14
d5.6
16.1
75
1.0
1.0
236
58-53
15
664.1
44.3
75
1.5
1.0
237
58-24
18
1368.2
76.0
75
1.0
1.0
238
BAMBEY 33
12
274.7
22.9
75
2.0
1.5
239
58-16 T
16
935.1
58.4
75
1.0
1.0
240
AS 4
9
1 3 6 . 0
15.1
75
1.0
1.0
RH
241
58-74 Dl A2
14
823.9
58.9
75
1.5
1.0
242
66-149
9
185.0
20.6
75
1.5
1.0
24.3
58-50
18
775.1
43.1
75
1.0
1.0
CR
24.4
66-91
20
281.9
14.1
1.0
1.0
24-5
58-5
558.0
26.6
7:
1.5
CR
246
58-154
1:
1000.8
66.7
75
2.0
::Fi
247
58-17
16
616.4
38.5
75
1.0
1.0
CR RH
248
POP 735
21
741.7
35.5
75
2.5
1.5
249
AS 8
14
0.0
0.0
75
1.5
1.0
CR
VR
250
58-162
17
913.0
53.7
75
1.0
1.0
2 51
66-71
18
231.6
12.9
75
2.0
1.0
252
58-37
5
15.3
15.3
75
1.0
0.5
253
59-24 Dl
17
531.9
31.3
75
1.5
1.0
254
83-124
15
39.8
2.7
75
1.0
1.0
255
58-42
19
412.3
21.7
75
1.0
1.0
256
AS 9
11
157.0
14.3
75
1.0
1.0
257
78-18
15
472.1
31.5
75
1.0
1.0
258
66-61
13
348.6
26.8
75
1.0
1.0
259
MOUGNE
17
675.2
39.7
75
1.0
1.0
260
TVX 3236
15
882.0
58.8
75
1.0
1.0
261
CB 5
11
167.7
15.2
75
2.0
1.5
BB
262
BAMBEY 21 .,
7
98.6
14.1
75
1.5
1.0
BB
263
NDIAMBOUR
7
213.5
30.5
75
1.0
1.0
-7-
NOTES
CR : CERCOSPORIOSE
RH : RHIZOCTONIOSE
BB : BACTERIAL BLIGHT
VR : VIRUS
** : DATA NOT AVAILABLE
The observations in table 1 show that there is no variety which is
completely free of &&phora.
However,the following fourteen varieties showed
a very low incidence a s well as intensity of the disease. More over, no other
disease was seen on these varieties. However, the results need to be confirmed.
. .
Varieties showing low (0.5 grade) incidence as well as intensity of
Choanephora pod rot :
1. 66-14
--ri!.. 2 o-3
3. 38-84
4. 59-24 T
5. TVU 3629
6. 58-75
7. 78-12
8. TVU 1977
9. 58-60
10. 59-79 D3
11. 58-41
12. 78-29
13. 78-5
14. 66-72
2.2 - "Screening for virus resistance :
Virus is one of the major diseases of cowpea in Senegal. It is observed
in a11 the regions and most of the local varieties have been observed to be
highly susceptible. Crossing program has been taken up to incorporate virus
resistance in the local cultivars. Some exotic varieties which have been reported
virus resistant were crossed with some selected cultivars. An experiment was
conducted at Djibelor in collaboration with the Cowpea Breeder for screening
some progenies of selected crosses against virus under field conditions. Other
details of the experiment were as follows :
MATERIAL TESTED :
CROSS
GEN
No OF ENTRIES
1. 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137
_
F(j .
81
2. B 21 X TVX 3236-C:lG
F6
33
3. CASA 16 X B 21
F2
4. VLP CASA 16 X B 21
F2
- 8 -
5. 59-9
X B 21
F 2
6. MOUGNE
X TVU 1185
F 2
7.CASA16 X C B 5
F 2
8. CASA 16 kx (B 21 X 1137)
F2
9'
CASA 3
x B 21
F 2
10. 58-57
X TVU 11.85
F 2
11. MOUGNE (MOUGNE x 1032)
F 2
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN :
FOR CROSS 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 F6
Randomised Block Design with 2 replications
Spacing : within rows......... 50 cm
.;-
between plants...... 50 cm
Row length : 5 m
FOR CROSS B -Z'~~X$'VX 3236-OlG F6
Randomised Block Design with 2 replications
Spacing : within rows . . . . . . . . . 50 cm
between plants...... 25 cm
Row length : 5 m
FOR F2 FAMILIES
200-500 plants of each F2 family depending upon the avaibility of
seed together with the parents in a non replicated trial.
Spacing : 80 X 80 cms,,
METHODOLOGY :
One line of a local susceptible variety (Infector Row) was planted
after every two test entries for multiplying the inoculum. The infector rows
were sown on 16.07.86. The test entries were sown on 31.07.86 and 01.08.86.
~y this time the virus had started appearing on the infector rows. The test
entries were inoculated on 12 th andl3th Aug. with the sap from the infected
plants. Only one replication was inoculated in case of advanced generation
progenies.
The uninoculated replication was used to evalute the vector transmissi.on.
-9-
The inoculum was prepared by grinding the infected leaves and diluting the
expressed sap with water. Corborundum powder was added to the inoculum to act
as an abrasive. The inoculation was done by rubbing the fully grown well
expanded primary leaves with a forefinger wetted with the inoculum.
The virus symptoms on tne test entries had started appearing'by the
end of August. First observation on the disease incidence on the test entries
was recorded on 05.09.86. By this time about 50 % plants of infector rows were
$tacked by virus. The second observation was recorded on 30.09.86 when almost
a11 the plants in the infector rows were showing virus symptoms. The severity of
virus on the infector rows was SO high that practically‘no flowers and pods Were
pG;roduced. The observations for uninoculated replication were recorded at the
time of second observation only. Observations on appearance of other diseases
.;-
(cognizible infection) were also recorded. Al1 the observations are given in
table 2.
- 10 -
TABLE 2 : VIRUS SCREENING
1st observation on 05.09.86
. .
2nd observation on 30.09.86
!
l
!
1
/
!
DISEASE INCIDENCE
! No of' plants !
!
!
1
I
observed
!
!
! Other Diseases
!
1st observation,2nd ObSerVatiOn,Noticed
(If any),
!
ENTRY : ,
!
1
1
!
1
1
!
!
!
!
!
R1
!
RI1 ,
(RI only) ! RI
, RI1
!
!
!
i
CROSS 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 F6
!
!
I
!
!
!
!
!
!
! IS 86-269 N !
20
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 4.54 !
! IS 86-261 N !
21
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00 !
! IS 86-266 N !
22
!
22
! .:-
0.00
!
0.00 !
! IS 86-264 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
9.09
4.54 !
! IS 86-268 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
0.00
0.00 !
! IS 86-267 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
1 0.00
0.00 !
! IS 86-263 N !
21
!
228. !
0.00
1 0.00
0.00 !
! IS 86-265 N 0
22
!
21
!zg
0.00
!
0.00
.9.05 !
! IS'86-262 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 4.54
! 9.09
!
! IS 86-283 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-282 N !
22
!
21 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-286 N !
22
!
21 !
4.54
!l 8.18
! 4.76
!
! IS 86-287 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
1 0.00
! 4.54
!
! IS 86-279 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54-
._._.
! 4.54* .- . . ! 0.00
!
! IS 86-280 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-284 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
l
4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-281 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-285 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-294 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-292 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
4.54
! 4.54
l
! IS 86-288 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
9.09
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-290 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
4.54
! 0.00
! Web bl .ght
! IS 86-295 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
! 4.54
! 0.00
!
!
! IS 86-289 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
! 9.09
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-291 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
1
!
! IS 86-293 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 9.09
!
!
! IS 86-296 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
1
! IS 86-305 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!13.64
! 0.00
!
!
! IS 86-300 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
!
! IS 86-303 N !
22
!
22 ‘!
4.54
! 4.54
! 0.00
Web blight
!
! IS 86-301 N !
21
!
22 !
0.00
! 9.52
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-302 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-298 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS SS-297 N !
22 .!
22. ! -'
4.54
! 9.09
! 0.00
!
! 1s 86-299 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 4.54
! 9.09
!
! IS 86-304 N !
21
!
22 !
9.52
! 9.52
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-310 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
! 4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-306 N !
20
!
22 !
0.00
! 5.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-307 N !
20
!
22 !
0.00
! 5.00
! 0.00
l
1
- 11 -
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
! IS 86-308 N !
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-309 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-311 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
58-57
!
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76 !
0.00 !
1
1137
1
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-312 N !
22
!
22
!
9.09
!
9.09 !
4.54 !
! IS 86-251 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-243 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.54 !
9.09 !
! IS 86-245 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
! 13.64 !
0.00 !
Web blight
! IS 86-249 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-246 N Z
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-244 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.54 !
4.54 !
! IS 86-247 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-250 N ?
21
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.76 !
9.09 !
! IS 86-248 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
4.54 !
! IS 86-242 N I
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-237 N !
22
!
22
!
9.09
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-236 N !
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76
0.00
!
! IS 86-239 N !
22
!
22
!,:.
4..54
!
4.54
0.00
!
. . . .
.
.! IS 86-235 N !
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76
0.00
!
! IS 86-240 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00
0.00
!
! IS 86-234 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00
0.00
!
! IS 86-241 N !
22
!
?z,. !
0.00
!
0.00
0.00
!
! IS 86-238 N !
22
!
22
!4
0.00
!
0.00 !
4.54 !
!
! IS:86-257 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-260 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-259 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
1
4.54 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-256 N !
21
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
I
! IS 86-254 N !
21
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.52 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-253 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
1
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-255 N !
20
!
22
!
5.00
!
5.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-252 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
Web blight
!
! IS 86-258 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-276 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 ! 13.64 !
!
! IS 86-274 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.54 !
0.00 !
1
! IS 86-275 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9'.09 !
0.00 !
Web blight
!
! IS 86-271 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
I
! IS 86-278 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-272 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !Choanep. pod rot!
! IS 86-273 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
9.09 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-277 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-270 N !
22
!
22
!
9.09
!
9.09 !
0.00
!
!
!
I
!
1
1
1
!
!
!
CROSS B 21 X TVX 3236-OlG F6
-!
!
!
!
I
1
.!
1
1
!
t
! IS 86-90 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
1
! IS 86-72 N
!
39
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-89 N
!
37
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-60. N
!
40 _ ! ._. 40
!...
._. 0 too _
1
0.09 !
0.00 !
.
!
! IS 86-63 N
!
40
1
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
! IS 86-82 N
!
40
?
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
Choanep. pod rot!
? IS 86-73 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
Web blight !
! IS 86-71 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
! IS 86-80 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
- 12 -
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! IS 86-81 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
l
! IS 86-75 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-76 N !
20
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
1
28
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !Cercosporiose !
i 1~8i--6:~ !
38
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
*
! IS 86-70 N !
39
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
t
! IS 86-66 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
! IS86-65N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 1
0.00
Web blight
!
! IS86-62N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
Web blight !
! IS 86-83"N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 1
0.00 ! Web blight !
! IS 86-69 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-86 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-74 N !
40
!
16
!
0.00
0.00 1
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-88 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 ! Web blight
!
! IS 86-85 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-84 N: !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
1
! IS 86-64 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-68 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-67 N !
40
!
40
! :*
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-77 N ?
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-78 N ?
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! TVX 3236
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
\\
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-87 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-79 N !
22
!
40" !q *
0.00
1
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! I
!
!
1
1
1
1
!
F2 FAMILIES
!
I
1
!
!
!
No of
1
!
!
SRN"
!
FAMILY
! susceptible ! No of plants ,
!
1
!
plants
!
selected ;
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
! CASA 16 X B 21
!
29
!
19
!
!
2
! VLP CASA 16 X B 21
!
51
!
14
!
1
3
! MOUGNE X TVU 1185
!
12
!
7
!
1
4
! CASA 16 X CB 5
!
157
1
20
!
!
5
! MoUGNE x (MOUGNE x 1032)
!
20
!
17
!
I
!
6
! 59-9 X B 21
!
0
!
12 *
!
1
7
! CASA 3 X B 21
I
6
!
33
!
!
8
! CASA 16 X (B 21 X 1137)
!
61
!
12
!
!
9
! 58-57 X TVU 1185
!
5
!
6
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
-!
TOTAL
341
140
1
!
1
!
!
_-.
-
- 13 -
The results indicated that the entries of cross 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137
were segregating for virus reaction. Some of the entries were free while others
showed various degree of virus infection. Entries from the second cross v&,
B 21 X TVX 3236-OIC were observed to be free from virus infection. Some of the
entries in the uninoculated replication of cross 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 showed
virus infection. Similarfy there was increase in the virus incidence on infector
rows at a later stage. This indicates that the vector transmission was very
effective. Cowpea leaf beetjes (Ootheca mutabilis) which is reported to be
vector for transmission of some of the viruses were observed in the test fieid.
Al1 the F2 families showed segregation for virus infection except one
viz., 59-9 X B 21. One hundred and forty plants free of virus infection and with
desirable agronomie characters were selected for further testing.
To!confirm the results obtained in the field at Djibelor the progenies
of advance generation material were retested in the screen house together with
some local and exotic varieties. The sowing was done on 17.11.1986 by planting
4-5 seeds of each entry in-a,s-Tarate pot. The inoculation was done twice, first
on 29.11.86 and the second on 2.12.86. The inoculum was prepared by blending
the infected leaves brought from the field tria1 at Djibélor in a buffer solution
of sodium and potassium phosphates. Carborundum powder was dusted on the leaves
before inoculation to act as an abrasive. The inoculation was done by rubbing
the primary leaves with a forefinger wetted withtheinoculum.
The plant growth of the test entries was not normal probably because
of low temperature during the test period. The disease development was also
very slow. The observations for virus reaction were recorded on 29.12.86 and
29.1.87. The results are presented in table 3.
- 14 -
TABLE 3 : SCREENHOUSE REACTIONS :
1st observation on 29.12.86
2nd observation on 29.01.87
(
1
1
1
1
REACTION
;
!
!
REACTION
j:
ENTRY
!
!
!
ENTRY
l
; 1st obs. ,
1
2nd abs.:
I
, lst'obs. , 2nd abs.:
!
CROSS 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 F7
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
IS 86-269 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-261 N !
R
!
S
1
IS 86-266 N !
:NA
I
NA
! IS 86-264 N !
R
!
R
1
IS 86-268 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-267 N !
S
1
S
1
IS 86-263 N !
NA
!
NA
! IS 86-265 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-262 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-283 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-282 N !
R
!
:_ R
!
IS 86-286 N !
NA
1
NA
1
IS 86-287 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-279 N !
NA
!
NA
1
IS 86-280 N !
NA
1
NA
! IS 86-284 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-281 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-285 N !
R
!
S
1
IS 86-294 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-292 N !
R
1
R
1
IS 86-288 N !
S
!J
!
IS 86-290 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-295 N !
S
!
-4 9
!
IS 86-289 N !
NA
!
NA
!
1s 86-291 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-293 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-296 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-305 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-300 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-303 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-301 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-302 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-298 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-297 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-299 N !
R
!
R
! IS 86-304 N !
R
!
S
!
!
IS 86-310 N !
s
!
S
! IS 86-306 N !
R
1
R
!
IS 86-307 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-308 N !
R
1
R
!
i
IS 86-309 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-311 N !
S
!
S
!
!
58-57
!
S
!
S
1
1137
1
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-312 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-251 N !
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-243 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-245 N !
NA
!
NA
!
!
IS 86-249 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-246 N !
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-244 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-247 N !
S
!
S
!
1
IS 86-250 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-248 N !
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-242 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-237 N !
R
!
S
!
!
IS 86-236 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-239 N !
S-.-
!
S--
!
!
IS 86-235 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-240 N !
R
!
R
!
I
IS 86-234 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-241 N !
S
!
S
I
IS 86-238 N. !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-257 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-260 N !
N.A
!
NA
!
IS 86-259 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-256 N !
:R
!
R
!
IS 86-254 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-253 N !
R
!
R
! IS 86-255 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-252 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-258 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-276 N !
s
!
S
! IS 86-274 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-275 N !
Ii
!
3
!
IS 86-271 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-278 N !
P63
!
S
!
IS 86-272 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-272 N !
s
!
S
!
IS 86-277 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-270 N !
s
!
NA
!
!
!
!
- 15 -
-
t
!
CROSS B 21 X TVX 3236-OlG F7
I
!
.!
I
!
!
!
!
!
IS 86-90 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-72 N !
R !
R !
!
IS 86-89 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-60 N !
s* !
s* !
!
IS 86-63 N
!
NA ! NA !
IS 86-82 N !
R !
!
IS 86-73 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-71 N ! NA ! NA i
!
IS 86-80 N
!
R !
s !
IS 86-81 N ! NA ! NA
;
! IS 86-75 N
1
NA
!
NA !
IS 86-76 N !
R
!
R
?
!
BAMBEY 21
!
R !
R !
IS 86-61 N ?
s !
s !
! IS 86-70 N
!
R !
R
! IS 86-66 N ?
R !
R !
! IS 86-65 N
1
NA
1
NA
!
IS 86-62 N !
R !
R
I
i IS 86-83 N
!
R !
S
!
IS 86-69 N 1
R !
R
I.
!
IS 86-86 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-74 N !
R !
R
I
!
IS 86-88 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-85 N !
R !
R
?
! IS 86-84 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-64 N !
R !
R
!
!
IS 86-68 N
!
s !
S
!
IS 86-67 N !
R !
R
S
! IS 86-77 N
!
NA ! NA !
IS 86-78 N !
R !
R
I
!
TVX 3236
!
R" !
:-R
!
IS 86-87 N !
R !
R
!
!
IS 86-79 N
!
R !
s !
!
!
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
VARIETIES
-!
!
!
!
!
+ 4'
!
!
!
-!
! B21
!
R !
R !
TVX 3236
!
R !
R !
!
'?B 5
!
R !
R !
TVU 1185
!
R !
R !
!
59-9
1
R !
R !
CASA 3
1
R
!
s. !
!
CASA 16
1
s !
s !
VLP CASA 16 !
R !
R !
!
58-111 *
!
s
!
S
! NDIAMBOUR !
R
1
R
!
!
TVU 393
!
R !
R !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
-
NOTES :
-
-
R: Resistant
S : Susceptible
i.
NA : Reaction not available
* : Reaction not clear
From the first cross (58-57 X IT 81 D-1137), 14 progenies showed
resistant reaction while 47 were susceptible. Two progenies did not show c:tear
reaction. Ten entries which are found resistant in the screenhousetest had shown
susceptible reaction in the field test. Only four progenies viz., IS 86-282 N,
IS 86-299 N, IS SS-240 N and IS 86-253,N have shown resistant reaction.in both
the tests. Five progenies from the second cross (B 21 X TVX 3236-01~) were
found susceptible in the screenhouse test while a11 the entries were observed
to be resistant in the field test. Amongst the varieties B 21 and TVX 3236
- 16 -
confirmed their resistance in the screen house test. TVU 393 and 1185 which
are reported to be resistant also confirmed their resistance in the screen ho,use.
Local varieties Casa 3, Casa 16 and 58-111 were observed to be susceptible.
However, the resistant reaction of other local varieties viz., 59-9 and Ndiambour
was contradictory to their susceptible reaction in the field trials.
2.3 - Bacterial blight resistance screening :
Bacterial blight is another important disease of cowpea in Senegal.
Some varietal screening was carried out during 1985 and few resistant‘ s o u r c e s
were identified. These resistant sources were used in the crossing program for
incorporating bacterial blight resistance in the local susceptible varieties.
Sixty seven entries comprising of 2 crosses viz., 58-57 X B 21 (18) and B21 X
TVX 3236 (39) together with 10 varieties consisting of parents and local varieti.es
were screened for bacterial blight resistance under screen house conditions.
Four to five seeds of each entry were sown in each pot separately on 15.11.1985.
The inoculation was carried..-ouL-$o.n 29.11.1985 by the stem stab method described
in 1985 report. The observations for the bacterial blight score were recorded on
9.01.86 and 29.01.86 in 1 to 10 scale as under :
l- No stem tanker
2 - Small caner at the inoculation point.
3-4 - Short brown streaks up and down the inoculation point.
5-6 - Extensive streaks with very little stem splitting.
7- Slight splitting and caner formation extending sometimes to full length
of the Stern.
8 - Extensive splitting of stem and stunting of growth.
9 - Same as in grade 8 but with killing of the apical bud.
10 - Complete killing of the plants.
Grades 1,2,3 and 4 are considered as resistant (R), 5 and 6 as
modererately resistant (MR), 7 moderately susceptible (MS), 8 and 9 susceptible
and 10 highly susceptible. The results of this screening are presénted in
.-
._-
*_
.
.
table 4.
TABLE 4 : BACTERIAL BLIGHT REACTIONS OF SOME BRBEDING LINES, PARENTS/LOCAL VARIETIES IN THE
SCREEN HOUSE AT BAMBEY.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ENTRY
! SCORE
! ENTRY
! SCORE
! ENTRY !
SCORE
! ENTRY
! SCORE
! ENTRY
! SCORE '!
ENTRY
! SCORE !
1
!
!
I
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
I
!
1
I
!
CROSS 58-57 X B 21
!
l
!
!
!
!
1
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
8
!
2
! 10 !
'3
!
10
1
4
!
3
!
5
!
10
!
6
!1/10,2/3!
1
7
!
lo
!
8
!1/10,1/3!
9
!
4
!
10
!
5
!
11
!
10
!
12
! 10
l
!
13
!
10
!
14
!1/8,1/10!
15
!
3
1
16
!
10
!
17
!
5
!
18
!1/7, 1/5!
1
!
1
1
I
l
1
1
'
!
!
l
!
1
!
!
CROSS B 21 X TVX 3236
L
1
!
l
!
l
1
I
l
1
4
!
'i
!
1
!
1
1
1
1
!
1 0
!
2
!1/8, 2/2!
3
! 2
!
'4
!
10
!
5
!
8
!
6
!
10
!
!
7
!
4
!
8
!
3
!
9
! 1/10, 1/7
!
10
!
NG
!
11
!
2
!
12
!
1
!
1
13
!
4
!
14
!
2
!
15
!1/2, 3/10, 1/8 !
16
!
2
!
17
!
10
!
18
1
4
!
!
19
!
4
!
20
!
3
!
21
! 3
!
22
!
2
!
23
!
2
!
24
!
2
!
l
25
!
2
!
26
!
2
!
27
! 2
!
28
!
4
!
29
!
3
!
30
1
2
!
!
31
!
4
!
32
!
3
!
33
! 2
I
34
!
2
!
35
!
3
!
36
I
4
!
!
37
!
2
!
38
!
3
!
39
! 3
!
1
I
1
1
1
!
!
1
!
1
1
l
!
l
!
!
!
l
1
1
!
,
VARIETES
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
!
!
l
!CVU 69
!
8
!TVU 1174!
10
!TVX 3236!
2
!Mougne
!
4
! vcs 14 !
10
! IT 81 D 1137
!
2!'
! 58-57
!
2
!B 21
!
10
!CB5 !
10
! 78-37
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
1
!
I
l
!
!
!
1
1
1
NOTE : NG : No germination
I
t;
- 18 -
Out of 69 entries, 38 were resistant, 2 moderately resistant, 3 suscep-
tible while 16 were highly susceptible. One entry did not germinate. Seven
breeding lines showed heterogenic reaction indicating that they are still
segregating. Many resistant lines (30) were observed in the cross B 21 X TVX 3236
than the cross 58-57 X B 21 (3) which indicate that TVX 3236 is a good donar
for bacterial blight resistance. Out of 10 varieties, 5 were resistant, 1
susceptible while 4 were highly susceptible which included local improved variety
B 21 and the newly introduced american variety CB 5.
III - IDENTIFICATION OF COWPEA VIRUSES PREVAILING IN SENEGAL
The virus symptoms in different regions showed slight variation. The
virus encounteredin north Senegal showed light green mottle with pronounced leaf
distortion while the Casamance virus showed mottle with more yellowing but rare
leaf distortion. This variation in symptoms lead to a supposition that différent
viruses exist in differnet ecological zones. TO confirm this supposition and to
-A
identify the viruses oc.curringqn Senegal, virus affected leaf sainples of cowpea
were collected from different locations viz., Bambey, Nioro, Séfa and Djib'elor
during October 1986. Alltogether 180 samples were collected of which 42 were
from Bambey, 17 from Nioro, 14 from Sefa and 107 from Djibelor. Agar Gel Diffusion
test was employed to identify the virus present in these samples using antisera
of Southern Bean Mosaïc Virus, Cowpea Yellow Mosaïc Virus and Cowpea Mottle Virus
obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1badan;Nigéria.
The summary of results '15 presented in table 5.
- 19 -
TABLE 5 : SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF VIRUS IDENTIFICATION
l
1
1
1
-.
1
1
!
!
No OF !
No OF SAMPLES SHOWING
THE CVE REACTION TO
!
! LOCATION !
VARIETY
! SAMPLES !
!
!
!
!
TESTED !
!
!
!
!
!
!
SMBV ,
CYMV ,
CMeV i
!
BAMBEY
!
58-55
!
23
!
0
!
0
!
o-!
I
!
Mougne
!
10
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
Ndiambour
1
2
1
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
Dan Haoussa
!
2
!
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
1137 X 58-57
!
3
:
1
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
TVX 3236 X 58-57
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
58-57 X VITA 1
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
!
!
I
!
!
TOTAL
!
!
!
4 2
!
0
1
0
!
0
!
!
NIORO
!
58-57
!
13
!
3
!
0
!
(y-!
!
!
TN 27-80
:.
!
3
!
2
!
0
!
0
!
.
!
!
Gorum-Gorum
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
TOTAL
!
l7
!
5
!
O
!
O
i
!
SEFA
!
58-57
'
!
8
!
2
!
0
!
o - !
!
!
TN 49-80
!
2
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
TN 27-80
!
2
!
1
!
0
!
0 !
!
j
TN 88-83
!
1
!
1
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
Santiago
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
TOTAL !
!
14
;
4
1
!
!
!
!
O
;
O
;
-_-
!
DJIBELOR
;
Local
1
1
;
!
-!
!
.
59-9
!
86
57
4
*
0
0
!
; !
!
!
58-57
!
7
!
4
!
0
!
0 !
1
!
TN 88-83
1
2
!
2
1
0
!
0
1
0
!
TN 27-80
!
2
!
1
1
0
!
0 !
!
!
TN 49-80
!
3
!
,2
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
TN 3-78
!
2
!
2
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
1032
!
1
!
1
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
!
1
107
!
69
!
!
!
!
TOTAL
!
,
!
O
!
O
!
!
!
!
!
I
!
!
GRAND TOTAL
180
78
!
!
!
,
!
O
!
O
!
NOTE : SBMV : Southern Bean Mosaîc Virus
CYMV : Cowpea Yellow Mosaïc Virus
CMeV : Cowpea Mottle Virus
- 20 -
The results presented in table 5 reveal tha t a11 the samples col.lected
from Bambey showed negative reaction against antisera of a11 the 3 viruses
indicating that none of these viruses were prevailing in this region. Five
samples collected from Nioro and 4 from Sefa showed positive reaction to
antiserum of southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) but a11 the samples showed
negative reaction to antisera of cowpea yellow mosaïc virus (CYMV) and cowpea
mottle virus (CMeV),Qut of 107 samples collected from Djibélor, 69 showed
positive reaction to antiserum of SBMV but negative reaction to antisera of
CYMV and CMeV. These results clearly indicate that SBMV was predominently
prevailing"in Casamance during 1986 trop season. This is a first report of
occurrence of SBMV in Senegal.
IV - SURVEY OF COWPEA DISEASES .:-
During 19861 season, the disease pressure was comparatively less than
1985 PartiCUlarly in respect of Choanephora pod rot and baoterial blight. 'rhe
less incidence of choanephora pod rot may be attributed to less favourable
climatic conditions while that of bacterial blight is mostly due to use of
disease free seed. However, at Louga and Nioro stations, the incidence of
bacterial blight was quite high on B 21 because of use of old bacterial blight
infected seed.
During this year, few new diseases were noticed. Cowpea Golden Mosaîc
Virus was seen in Senegal for the first time. The disease was noticed on CB 5
and some local varieties in Dagana department (Mbane and Diagoum). The serallo-
gical tests carried out in the laboratory for identification of viruses
revealed the presence of Southern Bean Mosalc Virus predominently in the samples
collected from Casamance while the samples collected from Bambey indicated the
presence of Cucumber MosaIc Virus. Both these viruses are also not reported
from Senegal previously. The presence of Aphid-borne Mosaïc Virus in Senegal was
detected in the past. As such there are now 4 different viruses encountered on
Cowpea in Senegal.
Bacterial pustule, which was reported to be seen in CILSS tria1 in
Casamance during last year, was also noticed in Louga and Diourbel regions
during 86 season. The disease was mostly restricted to CB 5 variety in Mini-kit
I,rials. At few locations it was also seen on B 21. No other variety showed
incidence of bacterial. pustule.
- 21 --
Amongst the other diseases noticed cercosporiose and web blight are
quite important. Bath the diseases occur on large scale but mostly at the end of
trop cycle.
.
A parasitic weea (Striga gesneroïdes) was noticed on CB 5 and B 21 at
-- __
one location (Kebeme:r) in Louga region. Constant vigillance is necessary as this
weed may be highly destructive and become one of the limiting factors in Cowpea
Production.
One of the -local varieties of Senegal (58-57) has been observed to
be resistant to striga at IITA centre in Burkina Faso,
Station wise report of various diseases encountered in the experimental
plots at the research stations as well as mini-kit trials on the farmers' fields
is furnished in table 6.
TABLE 6 : COWPEA DISEASES ENCOUMTERED IN SENEGAL
HE:&$RCH STATIONS :
BAMBEY:
a
58-57
-. Virus, Cercosporiose
Mougne
-. Virus
Gorum Gorum - Virus
B21
- Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot
CB 5
-. Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot
Ndiambour - Virus, Choanephora pod rot.
Cercosporiose,web blight, bacterial blight and virus were noticed in
the Disease Nursery on some of the germplasm entries (See Table 2 of this report).
NIORO :
58-57
- Virus, Cercosporiose
B 21
- Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot, web blight
TVX 3236 - Choanephora pod rot
Santiago - Bacterial blight, web blight, virus
TN 49-80
- Virus-
Gorum Gorum - Virus
TN 27-80
- Virus
- 22 -
.
DJIBELOR :
58-57
- Virus
Santiago
- Bacterial blight, web blight,'%iru'S
TN 78430
q Bacterial,blight, Cercosporiose
TN 49-80
-Virus
.
CB 5
- Virus
TN 1-2-1
- Web blight *
Local
- Virus, Cercosporiose, web blight.
SINTHIOU MALEM :
58-57
- Virus
TN 49-80
-Virus
SEFA :
2.
58-57
Virus
TN 49-80
Viqs '
TN 27-80
Vi*&3 ;
TN 88-83
Virus
-
LOUGA :
CB 5
Web blight
B 21
Bacteriai blight
58-57
Virus
TN 1-2-1
Bacteri.al.b;ight
NDIOL :
58-57
Virus
Gorum-Gorum - Virus
FANAYE :
58-57
- Virus
THILMAKHA :
58-57
-Virus
Gorum-Gorum - Virus
MINIKITS :
GATT :
58-57
- Virus
B 21
- Bacterial blight
- 23 -
SAM-THIALE :
B 21
-- Choanephora pod rot, cercosporiose, web blight
CB 5
-. Choanephora pod rot, web blight, cercosporiose, Bacterial
blight and Bacterial pustule.
58-57
-- Virus and Cercosporiose
TVX 3236 - Choanephora pod rot
Mougne
-, Virus, Choanephora pod rot
NGUITH :
58-57
- Virus
B 21
- Web blight
CB5
_I Bacterial blight, Bacterial pustule, web blight
KER BOUM1 :
.:-
CB5
- Bacterial pustule, web blight, Choanephora pod rot
B 21
- Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot, web blight and
Bacterial pustule
58-57
- Virus
Ndiambour - Web blight
KEBEMER :
58-57
- Virus
CB 5
- Bacter ial pustule, virus, Choanephora pod rot, str iga
B 21
- Striga
THILMAKHA :
58-57
- Virus, Cercosporiose
FARMERS' FIELDS OTHER THAN MINIKITS :
MBANE (Dagana) :
CB 5
- Golden Mosaïc Virus, Web blight
DIAGOUM (Dagana) :
CB 5
- Golden Mosaïc Virus
Local
- Golden Mosaïc Virus
SINE DIENG (Louga) :
CB5
= Bacterial pustule
- 24 -
TOUBA THIARE (Louga) :
58-57
- Virus
THIAKHAR (Bambey) :
CB 5
- Bacterial pustule, Web blight, Virus, Choanephora pod rot
58-57
- Virus, Web blight
V- SEED PRODUCTION :
During 1985 trop season the seed multiplication plots of B 21 and
58-57 varieties planted by the seed production officer showed incidence of
bacterial blight and virus respectively. In order to minimise the seed borne
inoculum of these diseases, rigorous roguing of diseased plants was carried out.
The seed thus obtained was used for further multiplication during summer and
.:-
rainy seasons of 1986 as under.
Summer 86
: Bambey 21 : 1.04 ha
Rainy Season 86 : Bambey 21 : 3.5
ha
58-57
: 3.0
ha
These seed multiplication plots were inspected periodically for
bacterial blight and virus. During both the seasons the seed multiplication
plots were observed to be free from bacterial blight and virus.
- 25 -
SUMMARY
1.
The results of screening for Choanephora pod rot resistance revealed
that there is no variety which is free of Choanephora. However, the following
14 varieties showed ,a very low incidence as well as intensity (0.5 grade) of
the disease. Moreove.r,
no other disease was seen on these varieties. Since it
is a first year of testing, the results need to be confirmed.
VARIETIES
: 66-14, 60-3, 38-84, 59-24 T, TW 3629, 58-75, 78-12, T W 1977,
58-60, 5!3-79 D3, 58-41, 78-29, 78-5 and 66-72.
2.
Eighty one progenies of 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 cross and 33 progenies
of B 21 X TVX 3236-0.16 both in F6 generation were screened for virus resistance
under field conditions togetherwith 9 F2 families. Twenty six progenies of
58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 did not show virus incidence while a11 the entries from
B 2i X TVX 3236-OlG were free from VirUS. Al1 the F2 families segregated for
virus reaction except 59-9 X B 21. One hundred and forty plants having virus
resistance and desirable agronomie characters were selected for further testing.
Virus incidence on some of the entries from uninoculated replication indicated
that the vector transmission was very effective. Cowpea leaf beetles Ootheca
mutabilis were noticed in the field which might have acted as vector for
transmission of the virus.
A screen house test of advance generation material conducted for
confirming the results of field test yielded 14 virus resistant entries from
the cross 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137. However, only 4 progenies viz., IS 86-282 N,
IS 86-299 N, IS 86-240 N and IS 86-253 N were found resistant in both field as
well as screen house test. The progenies of the cross B 21 X TVX 3236 were a11
free in the field test while 5 progenies developed virus in the screen house
test. Amongst the varieties B 21 and TVX 3236 continued to be virus free.
TVD 393 and 1185 were also observed to be resistant. Local varieties viz.,
Casa 3, Casa 16 and 58-111 were found to be susceptible but 59-9 and Ndiambour
did not show virus symptom which is contradictory to field observations.
3.
Sixty seven entries comprising of 57 breeding lines and 10 variétrQ5
yielded 38"bacterial blight resistant lines which included 2 local varieties
viz., 58-57 and Mougne. Another local variety viz., B 21 and american variety
CB 5 were observed to be highly susceptible.
- 26 -
4.
..
One hundred and eighty virus affected leaf samples were collected
from various locations and different varieties for identifying the virus
occurring on Cowpea in Senegal. Agar gel diffusion test was employed for the
identification using antisera of SBMV, CYMV and CMeV obtained from IITA,
Nigeria. Seventy eight samples mostly from Djibelor showed positive reaction
to antiserum of SBMV indicating that this virus was predominant in Casamance
during 1986 season. This is a first report of SBMV on cowpea from Senegal.
5
Survey of cowpea diseases revealed that the disease pressure in
c .
general was less than 1985 particularly in respect of choanephora pod rot and
bacterial blight. Few new diseases were noticed on cowpea during 1986 season
such as cowpea golden mosafc virus, southern bean mosaîc virus and cucumber
mosaïc virus. Al1 these diseases have not been reported on cowpea in Senegal.
Amongstthe other diseases noticed, cercosporiose and web blight are quite
important. Both the diseases occur on large scale but mostly at the end of
trop cycle. Striga was also noticed at one location.
6.
Rigorous roguing of bacterial blight and virus affected plants Was
carried in the seed multiplication plots during 1985 season. As a result, no
bacterial blight and virus infection was encountered in the seed multiplication
plots during summer and rainy seasons of 1986.
27 --
RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR 1987
1 - Screening varieties as welî as elite breeding material for resistance to
major diseases such as virus, bacterial blight, choanephora pod rot, etc...
in the field and/or in the screen house.
2 - Surveillance of Cowpea diseases in minikit trials as well as in the f.arm,ersl
fields in Louga and Diourbel region.
3- Vigillance of cowpea seed multiplication plots for presence of seed borne
diseases and undertake roguing for disease free seed production.
MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOE'MENT
DEPARTEMENT OF RESEARCH
.
ON CROPS PRODUCTION
SENEGALESE INSTITUTE
OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
-------
.
. . * ,-ANNUAL REPORT
ON COWPEA PHYTOPATHOLOGY - 1986
BY
D.G. GAIKWAD
.
JANUARY 1987
NATIONAL CENTER OF AGRONOMIC
RESEARCH BAMBEY
_..
. .^_. - _ .--.. .._.. _,
- 1 -
1 - INTRODUCTION :
A full fledged program on cowpea pathology was initiated during 1985.
Some preliminary screening in the screen house against bacterial blight and
virus diseases was carried out in 1985. This screening was continued during
"
this year also. In addition, screening against Cho$nephora pod rot was
initiated under field conditions. Some work on identification of viruses was
also carried out during this year. The results of these experiments are
discussed in the following paragraphs.
II - SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST MAJOR DISEASES :
2.1 - Disease nursery for Choanephora pod rot screening :
Wet pod rot of cowpea caused by Cho%nephora sp. was a serious disease
during 1985 season. Early varie'ties viz, Bambey 21 and CB 5 had suffered very
much in Diourbel and Louga regions. With a view to identifying the resistant
sources against this disease, a screening tria1 was conducted under field
conditions at Bambey. In a11 26$germplasm varieties were sown on 4.8.1986
~ . .
with 2 replications. Each test variety had a single row of 5 m length. The
spacing between two POWS was 80 cms while within two plants it was 50 cms. Every
after 5 rows there was one infector row. Four to six rows of B 21 were also
planted a11 around the experimental field. The infector rows were planted on
23.7.1986 with an intension that they Will catch the infection early and
multiply the inoculum by the time the test varieties are reached the stage for
infection. Sprinkler irrigation was given to the experimental plot in the
initial growth period as and when needed and at pod formation stage almost
everyday. The idea of frequent irrigations at pod formation stage was to create
favourable climatic conditions for development of the fungus.
The first appearance of the disease was noticed on Bambey 21 on
18.9.1986. Subsequently there was considerable increase in the disease presure.
However, it was not that high as it was last ycar. The observations were recorded
for both incidence and intensity in O-4 scale, 0 being free of disease and 4 with
100 % infection. Observations on plant stand, days to maturity, grain yield arrd
other diseases noticed were recorded. The summary of the results is presented
in table 1.
-2-
.
TABLE 1 : CHOhEPHORA SCREENING HIVERNAGE 86
SRNO VARIETY
PLANT GRAIN
YIELD/ MATURITY MEAN
MEAN
OTHER
COUNT YIELD
PLANT
(DAY~)
INCID.
INTENS.
DISEASES
Cg)
(8)
(O-4)
(O-4)
66-57
l3
66.3
5.1
64
1.5
1.5
CR
66-62
15
411.0
27.4
75
1.0
1.0
59-9 Dl
17
703.0
41.4
75
1.0
1.0
59-32
3. 5
679.7
45.3
75
1.0
1.0
78-1
1.9
892.8
47.0
64
1.0
1.0
59-29
1.9
994.1
52.3
64
1.5
1.5
RH
I
66-57
1. 5
161.6
10.8
64
2.5
1.5
CR
8
78-3
1 5
1602.8
106.9
64
2.0
1.5
RH
9 '78-35
6
88.3
14.7
64
2.0
1.5
10
78-26
19
862.9
45.4
64
,:-
1.5
1.5
CR
11
67-166
15
237.7
15.8
64
1.5
1.5
RH
12
58-57
18
1078.2
59 ???
64
1.5
1.5
CR
13
59-12
18
927.6
51.5
64
1.5
1.5
RH
14
58-2
14
427.7
30.6
75
1.5
1.5
CR
15
AS-3
14
_,596.4
42.6
64
1.5
1.0
CR
16
66-14
21
476x9
22.7
64
0.5
0.5
17
83-122
17
277.9
16.3
64
2.0
1.5
18
78-16
5
43.3
8.7
75
1.0
1.0
19
66-62
14
977.2
69.8
64
1.0
1.0
20
60-3
15
568.9
37.9
64
0.5
0.5
21
78-44
14
247.1
17.7
64
1.5
1.0
22
38-84
15
775.5
51.7
64
0.5
0.5
23
58-185 D2
16
275.8
17.2
64
1.5
1.0
24
58-79 Dl Al
13
395.7
30.4
64
1.0
1.0
25
79-i (ALAMB~)
17
203.9
12.0
64
1.0
1.0
26
59-24 T
19
314.9
16.6
64
0.5
0.5
27
TVU 3629 IFE (BROWN) 17
332.5
19.6
64
0.5
0.5
28
66-45
18
687.8
38.2
64
1.5
1.0
CR
29
78-33
14
528.7
37.8
64
1.5
1.5
30
67-219
"
11
414.1
37.6
64
1.0
1.0
31
58-95 D2 B2
19
1413.6
74.4
64
1.0
1.0
32
58-185 Dl B
20
648.8
32.4
64
2.0
1.0
33
58-39
19
144.5
13.1
64
1.0
1.0
34
58-74 Dl AR
19
1266.8
66.7
64
2.5
1.5
35
58-79 D2 B2
18
247.1
13.7
64
1.0
1.0
36
58-75
20
1178.6
58.9
64
0.5
0.5
37
66-36
20
1167.6
58.4
64
1.0
1.0
38
59-5
19
860.4
45.3
64
1.0
1.0
39
58-78
15
171.9
11.5
64
1.0
1.0
40
66-37
17
231.8
13.6
64
2.5
1.5
41
63-1
15
354.3
23.6
75
1.5
1.0
CR
42
78-31
18
-550~8
30.6
75
1.0
1;o
~
43
78-10
18
510.0
28.3
64
1.0
1.0
44
78-23
13
459.3
35.3
64
1.0
1.0
CR
45
58-15
1'7
993.1
58.4
64
1.5
1.0
46
78-24
1 !5
556.4
37.1
64
1.0
1.0
- 3 -
47
78-46
18
1394.9
77.5
64
1.0
1.0
48
66-17
17
406.0
23.9
75
1.0
1.0
CR
49
59-208
18
799 .o
44.4
64
1.0
1.0
50
58-44
21
543.5
25.9
75
1. .o
1.0
51
66-65
16
366.2
22.9
75
1.5
1.0'
52
78-12
20
660.9
33.0
75
0.5
0.5
53
TVU 1977 (OD)
18
372.8
20.7
75
0.5
0.5
54
82-3 (W~RTMORE)
8
21.5
7.2
**
1.0
1.0
55
82-5 (MBACKE SENEGAL) 11
115.0
38.3
**
1.0
1.0
56
68-226
14
435.4
31.1
64
1.0
1.0
5'7
83-4 (341-2-~~~81)
12
80.8
20.2
75
1.0
1.0
513
TVU 662.
12
890.8
74.2
75
1.0
1.0
5!3
58-152
13
310.3
31.0
75
1.0
1.0
60
78-25
16
877.8
54.9
75
1.0
1.0
6 l
58-191
20
616.3
30.8
75
1.0
1.0
62
BAMBEY 28
7
4.1
4.1
64
1.5
1.0
6 :3
58-107
.21
630.9
30.0
64
1.0
1.0
64
66-64
10
280.7
28.1
64
2.0
2.0
BB
65
58-30
20
873.6
43.7
64
1.0
1.0
66
58-185 T
.L6
1389.0
86.8
75
1.0
1.0
6 7
60-l
20
1104.2
55.2
64
1.0
1.0
68
66-52
13
307.6
76.9
64
1.0
1.0
69
h9-l-12-12
:13
263.5
20.3
64
1.5
1.5
BB
70
78-42
:1 5
785.4
52.4
64
1.5
1.5
71
58-32
2 0
'125~Q.9
62.8
64
1.5
1.0
72
78-6
:17
318.4
18.7
64
1.5
1.0
73
58-74 Dl Cl
2 1
236.1
23.6
64
1.5
1.0
74
167
:1 7
916.7
53.9
64
2.0
1.0
RH
7 5
66-5:
l7
198.7
11.7
75
1.0
1.0
76
78-11
20
705.8
35.3
64
1.5
1.0
77
78-32
:1 7
201.3
11.8
64
1.0
1.0
78
svs-3
2 1
362.5
17.3
64
1.0
1.0
79
B.AMBEY 26
1 1
248.3
22.6
64
1.0
1.0
RH
80
36-64
16
1159.4
72.5
64
1.0
1.0
CR
8 1.
POP 736
1. 6
353.9
22.1
64
1.5
1.5
CR
8 ;!
78-39
1. 3
230.4
17.7
75
1.0
1.0
83
78-20
1.6
1041.0
65.1
75
1.5
1.0
84
60-8
2 1
552.1
26.3
75
1.0
0.5
8 5
58-58
1. 5
490.8
32.7
75
1.0
1.0
8B
66-59
3. 2
310.0
25.8
75
1.0
1.0
87
58-151
15
722.3
48.2
75
1.0
1.0
RH
88
67-159
3. 5
759.4
50.6
75
1.0
1.0
89
78-40
18
269.4
15.0
75
1.0
1.0
90 .78-40
3.9
327.2
17.2
75
1.5
1.5
91
63-4 A
1.8
479.4
53.3
75
1.0
1.0
RH
92
58-95 D3
2 1
1485.5
70.7
75
1.0
1.0
93
66-l
L! 2
i70.1
16.8
75
1.0
1.0
CR
94.
TVU 62-07
1. 1
190.8
17.3
75
1.5
1.0
9 5
TVU 15-02-1G
3.9
1480.1
77.9
75
1.0
1.0
96
BAMBEY 27
9
210.1
23.3
75
1.5
1.0
97
TVX 199-Ol-F"(R83)
1.8
939;5
52.2
75
1.5
1.0
RH
98
58-40
11
600.5
54.6
75
1.0
1.0
99
58-56
2
96.9
96.9
75
1.0
1.0
100
59-13
i! 1
1406.0
67.0
75
1.5
1.0
101
66-48
1.0
425.7
42.6
75
1.0
1.0
- 4 -
102
66-76
15
545.5
36.4
75
1 . 5
1.5
103
66-5
DATA NOT AVAILABLE
104
66-73
9
459.0
51.0
75
1.0
f.0
105
58-20
18
985.7
54.8
75
1.0
1.0
1.06
58-152
18
469 .O
26.1
75
1.5
1.0
107
58-12
18
405.0
45.0
75
1.5
1.0
108
66-56
3
130.4
43.5
66
1.0
1.0
109
66-27
17
683.9
40.2
66
1.5
1.0
110
59-30
19
981.8
51.7
66
1.5
1.0
1 1 l
58-51
,2 1
892.3
42.5
66
1.0
1.0
112
58-52
12
544.2
45.4
66
1.0
1.0
1 1.3
66-77
:15
193.1
12.9
66
1.0
1.0
1 14
60-6
:1 2
617.7
51.5
66
1.0
1.0
115
66-29
20
872.4
43.6
66
1.0
1.0
116
58-55
2 1
517.7
24.7
66
1.5
1.0
117
66-50
:t 5
699.2
46.6
66
1.5
1.0
118
58-64
3
30.0
10.0
66
1.0
1.0
119
66-12
13
905.5
69.7
66
1.0
1.0
120
66-39
1 2
202.4
16.9
66
1.0
1
.
0
121.
58-81
20
347.'0
34.7
66
1.5
1.5
122
66-75
2
0.2
0.1
66
1.0
1.0
123
66-22
:5
668.4
44.6
66
1.0
1.0
124
66-47
16
,588.2
43.0
66
180
1.0
125
66-58
1.0
3rif. i
33.6
66
1.0
1.0
126
6 0 - 2
1.8
839.4
46.6
66
1.0
1.0
127
66-63
3. 1
349.8
31.8
66
1.0
1.0
128
60-9
3. 2
516.0
43.0
66
1.0
1.0
129
58-161
3.8
1183.6
65.8
66
1.0
1.0
130
66-70
4
53.1
13.3
66
1.5
1.0
131
78-37
7
73.2
10.5
66
2.0
1.5
132
78-2
210
1540.3
77.0
66
1.5
1.0
133
BAMBEY 32
8
60.4
7.6
66
1.0
1.0
134
66-13
19
97.3
5.1
66
1.0
1.0
135
58-19
19
495.5
26.1
66
1.0
1.0
136
58-221
11
389.8
35.4
66
1.0
1.0
137
78-8
19
1214.2
63.9
66
1.0
1.0
138
1 86
12
700.1
58.3
66
1.5
1.0
139
78-27
21
976.7
46.5
66
1.0
1.0
140
78-36
11
162.1
14.7
66
1.0
1.0
141
82-10
22
289.1
13.1
66
1.5
1.0
142
66-49
11
236.0
21.5
66
1.0
1.0
143
.BAMBEY 24
12
109.6
9.1
66
1.5
1.5
144
66-21
19
1657.4
87.2
66
1.0
1.0
CR
145
78-39
10
1‘98.6
19.9
66
1.0
1.0
146
59-25
21
1003.1
47.8
66
1.0
1.0
147
58-60
16
1036.6
64.8
66
0.5
0.5
148
78-38
12
212.8
17.7
66
1.5
1.0
149
TVU.4557
16
145.9
29.2
66
1.0
1.0
150
66-38
13
538.7
41.4
66
1.0
1.0
151
66-69
11
457.3
41.6
66
1.0
1.0
152
82-7
10
232.4
23.2
66
1.5
1.5
153
78-22
19
497.3
26.2
66
1.0
1.0
154
78-17
21
730.'6
34.8
66
1.5
1.0
5-
155
59-79 D3
14
9.5
0.7
66
0.5
0.5
156
58-43
18
706.4
39.2
66
1.0
1.0
15'7
68-240
22
464.1
21.1
66
1.0
1.0
158
BAMBEY 25
12
282.9
23.6
66
1.5
1.0
CR BB
159
66-68
14
599.4
42.8
66
2.0
1.0
160
78-19
14
455.3
32.5
66
1.5
1.0
BB
16 1
82-10
11
458.2
41.7
66
1.5
1.0
162
66-54
17
331.8
19.5
66
2.0
1.5
163
58-109
19
372.6
19.6
66
1.0
1.0
164
58-41
12
30.5
4.4
75
0.5
0.5
‘VR
165
63.5
16
222.5
13.9
75
1.0
1.0
166
78-29
10
253.6
25.4
67
0.5
0.5
167
78-30
19
1255.3
66.1
67
1.0
1.0
168
BAMBEY 31
12
117.0
9.8
67
1.5
1.0
169
78-43
17
327.3
19.3
67
1.5
1.5
170
58-80
19
1062.4
55.9
67
1.5
1.5
1'71
66-53
13
815.6
62.7
67
1.5
1.5
172
78-29
12
559.6
46.6
67
1.0
1.0
173" BAMBEY 22
4
147.3
36.8
67
1.5
1.0
BB
173
78-5
13
918.0
70.6
67
0.5
0.5
175
66-33
19
1293.2
68.1
75
1.0
1.0
176
66-74
10
247.0
24.7
67
1.5
1.0
177
58-79 Dl
11
173.6
15.8
75
1.5
1.0
178
67-95
20
4. 2
. . 5
14.9
75
1.0
1.0
179
78-21
18
-il+1.2
4.5
75
1.0
1.0
i30
60-6
"
16
1086.8
67.9
67
1.5
1.5
181
78-16
1
16.0
16.0
67
1.0
1.0
182
78-9
17
1319.8
77.6
67
1.5
1.0
183
63-6
8
460.5
57.6
67
1.0
1.0
184
DAN HAOUSSA (DH81-01)
5
247.7
49.5
67
1.0
1.0
VR
185
58-155
8
317.1
39.6
67
1.5
1.5
RH
186
66-72
10
180.8
18.1
67
0.5
0.5
187
67-32
15
195.7
13.0
67
1.0
1.0
188
66-64
14
349.4
25.0
67
2.0
1.0
189
78-7
17
1012.2
59.5
67
1.0
1.0
190
58-185 Dl A
18
245.8
13.7
67
1.5
1.0
191
66-67
16
485.2
60.7
67
1.0
1.0
192
58-47
15
706.4
47.1
67
1.5
1.0
193
58-74 Dl-02
18
1364.9
75.8
67
1.5
1.0
194
78-15
11
607.0
55.2
67
1.0
1.0
CR
195
66-149
14
412.3
29.5
67
0.5
0.5
196
59-26
16
504.1
31.5
67
1.0
1.0
197
58-79 D2 A2
8
171.3
21.4
67
1.0
1.0
198
66-55
9
210.9
23.4
67
1.5
1.0
199
58-95 D2
10
331.5
33.2
67
1.0
1.0
200
78-9
20
1'234.2
61.7
67
1.0
1.0
201
58-25
21
1014.9
48.3
67
1.5
1.0
202
78-11
18
1109.1
61.6
67
1.5
1.0
203
59-21
20
52.2
2.6
75
1.0
1.0
204
58-95 T
17
454.1
.26.7
75
1.0
1.0
205
AS 7
12
691.6
57.6
75
1.5
1.0
RH
206
82-9 (TW 4552)
14
373.0
26.6
75
1.0
1.0
CR
207
66-37
3
377.1
125.7
75
1.5
1.5
208
58-153
8
436-9
54.6
75
1.5
1.5
RE! VR
- 6 -
209
AS 5
7
331.6
47.4
75
1.0
1.0
210
67-167
18
597.9
33.2
75
2.0
1.0
BB
211
67-30
20
863.0
43.2
75
1.5
1.0
RH
2 3. 2
2-13
6
132.7
22.1
75
1.5
1.5
BB
2 3.3
58-79 D2 Bl
8
493.1
61.6
75
1.0
1.0
23.4
66-74
9
220.4
24.5
75
1.5
1.0
CR
215
63-8
14
373.1
26.7
75
1.0
1.0
2 3. 6
78-42
14
332.8
23.8
75
1.5
1.0
2 1. 7
82-6 V-73-1318
14
895.5
64.0
75
1.0
1.0
218
AS 6
6
171.9
28.7
75
1.0
1.0
2 3.9
58-79 T
21
888.4
42.3
75
1.5
1.0
220
66-54
10
183.8
18.4
75
1.5
1.5
221
66-89
22
1302.9
59.2
75
1.5
1.0
2C!2
82*8
4
15.6
5.2
75
1.0
1.0
2i!3
59-20 A
16
937.9
58.6
75
1.5
1.5
224
AS 2
14
1546.0
110.4
75
1.0
1.0
225
66-40
13
618.7
47.6
75
1.0
1.0
226
66-46
10
254.6
25.5
75
1.0
1.0
2 217
POP 736
16
166.4
10.4
75
1.0
1.0
2218
58-16 Dl
13
728.6
56.0
75
1.0
1.0
229
58-181
13
513.2
39.5
75
1.5
1.0
230
58-34
19
9a7.6
49.9
75
1.0
0.5
231
58-146
18
1321.5
73.4
75
1.5
1.0
232
58-28
21
635.8
30.3
75
1.5
1.0
233
82-2
13
527.9
40.6
75
1.0
1.0
234
78-45
9
*,. 543..2
60.4
75
1.0
1.0
235
58-74 T
14
d5.6
16.1
75
1.0
1.0
236
58-53
15
664.1
44.3
75
1.5
1.0
237
58-24
18
1368.2
76.0
75
1.0
1.0
238
BAMBEY 33
12
274.7
22.9
75
2.0
1.5
239
58-16 T
16
935.1
58.4
75
1.0
1.0
240
AS 4
9
1 3 6 . 0
15.1
75
1.0
1.0
RH
241
58-74 Dl A2
14
823.9
58.9
75
1.5
1.0
242
66-149
9
185.0
20.6
75
1.5
1.0
24.3
58-50
18
775.1
43.1
75
1.0
1.0
CR
24.4
66-91
20
281.9
14.1
1.0
1.0
24-5
58-5
558.0
26.6
7:
1.5
CR
246
58-154
1:
1000.8
66.7
75
2.0
::Fi
247
58-17
16
616.4
38.5
75
1.0
1.0
CR RH
248
POP 735
21
741.7
35.5
75
2.5
1.5
249
AS 8
14
0.0
0.0
75
1.5
1.0
CR
VR
250
58-162
17
913.0
53.7
75
1.0
1.0
2 51
66-71
18
231.6
12.9
75
2.0
1.0
252
58-37
5
15.3
15.3
75
1.0
0.5
253
59-24 Dl
17
531.9
31.3
75
1.5
1.0
254
83-124
15
39.8
2.7
75
1.0
1.0
255
58-42
19
412.3
21.7
75
1.0
1.0
256
AS 9
11
157.0
14.3
75
1.0
1.0
257
78-18
15
472.1
31.5
75
1.0
1.0
258
66-61
13
348.6
26.8
75
1.0
1.0
259
MOUGNE
17
675.2
39.7
75
1.0
1.0
260
TVX 3236
15
882.0
58.8
75
1.0
1.0
261
CB 5
11
167.7
15.2
75
2.0
1.5
BB
262
BAMBEY 21 .,
7
98.6
14.1
75
1.5
1.0
BB
263
NDIAMBOUR
7
213.5
30.5
75
1.0
1.0
-7-
NOTES
CR : CERCOSPORIOSE
RH : RHIZOCTONIOSE
BB : BACTERIAL BLIGHT
VR : VIRUS
** : DATA NOT AVAILABLE
The observations in table 1 show that there is no variety which is
completely free of &&phora.
However,the following fourteen varieties showed
a very low incidence a s well as intensity of the disease. More over, no other
disease was seen on these varieties. However, the results need to be confirmed.
. .
Varieties showing low (0.5 grade) incidence as well as intensity of
Choanephora pod rot :
1. 66-14
--ri!.. 2 o-3
3. 38-84
4. 59-24 T
5. TVU 3629
6. 58-75
7. 78-12
8. TVU 1977
9. 58-60
10. 59-79 D3
11. 58-41
12. 78-29
13. 78-5
14. 66-72
2.2 - "Screening for virus resistance :
Virus is one of the major diseases of cowpea in Senegal. It is observed
in a11 the regions and most of the local varieties have been observed to be
highly susceptible. Crossing program has been taken up to incorporate virus
resistance in the local cultivars. Some exotic varieties which have been reported
virus resistant were crossed with some selected cultivars. An experiment was
conducted at Djibelor in collaboration with the Cowpea Breeder for screening
some progenies of selected crosses against virus under field conditions. Other
details of the experiment were as follows :
MATERIAL TESTED :
CROSS
GEN
No OF ENTRIES
1. 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137
_
F(j .
81
2. B 21 X TVX 3236-C:lG
F6
33
3. CASA 16 X B 21
F2
4. VLP CASA 16 X B 21
F2
- 8 -
5. 59-9
X B 21
F 2
6. MOUGNE
X TVU 1185
F 2
7.CASA16 X C B 5
F 2
8. CASA 16 kx (B 21 X 1137)
F2
9'
CASA 3
x B 21
F 2
10. 58-57
X TVU 11.85
F 2
11. MOUGNE (MOUGNE x 1032)
F 2
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN :
FOR CROSS 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 F6
Randomised Block Design with 2 replications
Spacing : within rows......... 50 cm
.;-
between plants...... 50 cm
Row length : 5 m
FOR CROSS B -Z'~~X$'VX 3236-OlG F6
Randomised Block Design with 2 replications
Spacing : within rows . . . . . . . . . 50 cm
between plants...... 25 cm
Row length : 5 m
FOR F2 FAMILIES
200-500 plants of each F2 family depending upon the avaibility of
seed together with the parents in a non replicated trial.
Spacing : 80 X 80 cms,,
METHODOLOGY :
One line of a local susceptible variety (Infector Row) was planted
after every two test entries for multiplying the inoculum. The infector rows
were sown on 16.07.86. The test entries were sown on 31.07.86 and 01.08.86.
~y this time the virus had started appearing on the infector rows. The test
entries were inoculated on 12 th andl3th Aug. with the sap from the infected
plants. Only one replication was inoculated in case of advanced generation
progenies.
The uninoculated replication was used to evalute the vector transmissi.on.
-9-
The inoculum was prepared by grinding the infected leaves and diluting the
expressed sap with water. Corborundum powder was added to the inoculum to act
as an abrasive. The inoculation was done by rubbing the fully grown well
expanded primary leaves with a forefinger wetted with the inoculum.
The virus symptoms on tne test entries had started appearing'by the
end of August. First observation on the disease incidence on the test entries
was recorded on 05.09.86. By this time about 50 % plants of infector rows were
$tacked by virus. The second observation was recorded on 30.09.86 when almost
a11 the plants in the infector rows were showing virus symptoms. The severity of
virus on the infector rows was SO high that practically‘no flowers and pods Were
pG;roduced. The observations for uninoculated replication were recorded at the
time of second observation only. Observations on appearance of other diseases
.;-
(cognizible infection) were also recorded. Al1 the observations are given in
table 2.
- 10 -
TABLE 2 : VIRUS SCREENING
1st observation on 05.09.86
. .
2nd observation on 30.09.86
!
l
!
1
/
!
DISEASE INCIDENCE
! No of' plants !
!
!
1
I
observed
!
!
! Other Diseases
!
1st observation,2nd ObSerVatiOn,Noticed
(If any),
!
ENTRY : ,
!
1
1
!
1
1
!
!
!
!
!
R1
!
RI1 ,
(RI only) ! RI
, RI1
!
!
!
i
CROSS 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 F6
!
!
I
!
!
!
!
!
!
! IS 86-269 N !
20
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 4.54 !
! IS 86-261 N !
21
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00 !
! IS 86-266 N !
22
!
22
! .:-
0.00
!
0.00 !
! IS 86-264 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
9.09
4.54 !
! IS 86-268 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
0.00
0.00 !
! IS 86-267 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
1 0.00
0.00 !
! IS 86-263 N !
21
!
228. !
0.00
1 0.00
0.00 !
! IS 86-265 N 0
22
!
21
!zg
0.00
!
0.00
.9.05 !
! IS'86-262 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 4.54
! 9.09
!
! IS 86-283 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-282 N !
22
!
21 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-286 N !
22
!
21 !
4.54
!l 8.18
! 4.76
!
! IS 86-287 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
1 0.00
! 4.54
!
! IS 86-279 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54-
._._.
! 4.54* .- . . ! 0.00
!
! IS 86-280 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-284 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
l
4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-281 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-285 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-294 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-292 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
!
4.54
! 4.54
l
! IS 86-288 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
9.09
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-290 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!
4.54
! 0.00
! Web bl .ght
! IS 86-295 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
! 4.54
! 0.00
!
!
! IS 86-289 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
! 9.09
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-291 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
1
!
! IS 86-293 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 9.09
!
!
! IS 86-296 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
1
! IS 86-305 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
!13.64
! 0.00
!
!
! IS 86-300 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
!
! IS 86-303 N !
22
!
22 ‘!
4.54
! 4.54
! 0.00
Web blight
!
! IS 86-301 N !
21
!
22 !
0.00
! 9.52
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-302 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-298 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 0.00
! 0.00
!
! IS SS-297 N !
22 .!
22. ! -'
4.54
! 9.09
! 0.00
!
! 1s 86-299 N !
22
!
22 !
0.00
! 4.54
! 9.09
!
! IS 86-304 N !
21
!
22 !
9.52
! 9.52
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-310 N !
22
!
22 !
4.54
! 4.54
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-306 N !
20
!
22 !
0.00
! 5.00
! 0.00
!
! IS 86-307 N !
20
!
22 !
0.00
! 5.00
! 0.00
l
1
- 11 -
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
! IS 86-308 N !
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-309 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-311 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
58-57
!
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76 !
0.00 !
1
1137
1
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-312 N !
22
!
22
!
9.09
!
9.09 !
4.54 !
! IS 86-251 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-243 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.54 !
9.09 !
! IS 86-245 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
! 13.64 !
0.00 !
Web blight
! IS 86-249 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-246 N Z
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-244 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.54 !
4.54 !
! IS 86-247 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-250 N ?
21
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.76 !
9.09 !
! IS 86-248 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
4.54 !
! IS 86-242 N I
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-237 N !
22
!
22
!
9.09
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
! IS 86-236 N !
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76
0.00
!
! IS 86-239 N !
22
!
22
!,:.
4..54
!
4.54
0.00
!
. . . .
.
.! IS 86-235 N !
21
!
22
!
4.76
!
4.76
0.00
!
! IS 86-240 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00
0.00
!
! IS 86-234 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00
0.00
!
! IS 86-241 N !
22
!
?z,. !
0.00
!
0.00
0.00
!
! IS 86-238 N !
22
!
22
!4
0.00
!
0.00 !
4.54 !
!
! IS:86-257 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-260 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
4.54 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-259 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
1
4.54 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-256 N !
21
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
I
! IS 86-254 N !
21
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.52 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-253 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
1
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-255 N !
20
!
22
!
5.00
!
5.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-252 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
Web blight
!
! IS 86-258 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-276 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 ! 13.64 !
!
! IS 86-274 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
4.54 !
0.00 !
1
! IS 86-275 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9'.09 !
0.00 !
Web blight
!
! IS 86-271 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
9.09 !
0.00 !
I
! IS 86-278 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-272 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !Choanep. pod rot!
! IS 86-273 N !
22
!
22
!
4.54
!
9.09 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-277 N !
22
!
22
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
4.54 !
!
! IS 86-270 N !
22
!
22
!
9.09
!
9.09 !
0.00
!
!
!
I
!
1
1
1
!
!
!
CROSS B 21 X TVX 3236-OlG F6
-!
!
!
!
I
1
.!
1
1
!
t
! IS 86-90 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
1
! IS 86-72 N
!
39
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-89 N
!
37
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-60. N
!
40 _ ! ._. 40
!...
._. 0 too _
1
0.09 !
0.00 !
.
!
! IS 86-63 N
!
40
1
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
! IS 86-82 N
!
40
?
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
Choanep. pod rot!
? IS 86-73 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
Web blight !
! IS 86-71 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
! IS 86-80 N
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
- 12 -
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! IS 86-81 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
l
! IS 86-75 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-76 N !
20
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
1
28
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !Cercosporiose !
i 1~8i--6:~ !
38
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
*
! IS 86-70 N !
39
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
t
! IS 86-66 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
!
! IS86-65N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 1
0.00
Web blight
!
! IS86-62N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00
Web blight !
! IS 86-83"N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 1
0.00 ! Web blight !
! IS 86-69 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-86 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-74 N !
40
!
16
!
0.00
0.00 1
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-88 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 ! Web blight
!
! IS 86-85 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-84 N: !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
1
! IS 86-64 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-68 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-67 N !
40
!
40
! :*
0.00
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-77 N ?
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-78 N ?
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! TVX 3236
!
40
!
40
!
0.00
\\
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-87 N !
40
!
40
!
0.00
!
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! IS 86-79 N !
22
!
40" !q *
0.00
1
0.00 !
0.00 !
!
! I
!
!
1
1
1
1
!
F2 FAMILIES
!
I
1
!
!
!
No of
1
!
!
SRN"
!
FAMILY
! susceptible ! No of plants ,
!
1
!
plants
!
selected ;
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
! CASA 16 X B 21
!
29
!
19
!
!
2
! VLP CASA 16 X B 21
!
51
!
14
!
1
3
! MOUGNE X TVU 1185
!
12
!
7
!
1
4
! CASA 16 X CB 5
!
157
1
20
!
!
5
! MoUGNE x (MOUGNE x 1032)
!
20
!
17
!
I
!
6
! 59-9 X B 21
!
0
!
12 *
!
1
7
! CASA 3 X B 21
I
6
!
33
!
!
8
! CASA 16 X (B 21 X 1137)
!
61
!
12
!
!
9
! 58-57 X TVU 1185
!
5
!
6
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
-!
TOTAL
341
140
1
!
1
!
!
_-.
-
- 13 -
The results indicated that the entries of cross 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137
were segregating for virus reaction. Some of the entries were free while others
showed various degree of virus infection. Entries from the second cross v&,
B 21 X TVX 3236-OIC were observed to be free from virus infection. Some of the
entries in the uninoculated replication of cross 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 showed
virus infection. Similarfy there was increase in the virus incidence on infector
rows at a later stage. This indicates that the vector transmission was very
effective. Cowpea leaf beetjes (Ootheca mutabilis) which is reported to be
vector for transmission of some of the viruses were observed in the test fieid.
Al1 the F2 families showed segregation for virus infection except one
viz., 59-9 X B 21. One hundred and forty plants free of virus infection and with
desirable agronomie characters were selected for further testing.
To!confirm the results obtained in the field at Djibelor the progenies
of advance generation material were retested in the screen house together with
some local and exotic varieties. The sowing was done on 17.11.1986 by planting
4-5 seeds of each entry in-a,s-Tarate pot. The inoculation was done twice, first
on 29.11.86 and the second on 2.12.86. The inoculum was prepared by blending
the infected leaves brought from the field tria1 at Djibélor in a buffer solution
of sodium and potassium phosphates. Carborundum powder was dusted on the leaves
before inoculation to act as an abrasive. The inoculation was done by rubbing
the primary leaves with a forefinger wetted withtheinoculum.
The plant growth of the test entries was not normal probably because
of low temperature during the test period. The disease development was also
very slow. The observations for virus reaction were recorded on 29.12.86 and
29.1.87. The results are presented in table 3.
- 14 -
TABLE 3 : SCREENHOUSE REACTIONS :
1st observation on 29.12.86
2nd observation on 29.01.87
(
1
1
1
1
REACTION
;
!
!
REACTION
j:
ENTRY
!
!
!
ENTRY
l
; 1st obs. ,
1
2nd abs.:
I
, lst'obs. , 2nd abs.:
!
CROSS 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 F7
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
IS 86-269 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-261 N !
R
!
S
1
IS 86-266 N !
:NA
I
NA
! IS 86-264 N !
R
!
R
1
IS 86-268 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-267 N !
S
1
S
1
IS 86-263 N !
NA
!
NA
! IS 86-265 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-262 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-283 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-282 N !
R
!
:_ R
!
IS 86-286 N !
NA
1
NA
1
IS 86-287 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-279 N !
NA
!
NA
1
IS 86-280 N !
NA
1
NA
! IS 86-284 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-281 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-285 N !
R
!
S
1
IS 86-294 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-292 N !
R
1
R
1
IS 86-288 N !
S
!J
!
IS 86-290 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-295 N !
S
!
-4 9
!
IS 86-289 N !
NA
!
NA
!
1s 86-291 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-293 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-296 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-305 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-300 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-303 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-301 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-302 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-298 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-297 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-299 N !
R
!
R
! IS 86-304 N !
R
!
S
!
!
IS 86-310 N !
s
!
S
! IS 86-306 N !
R
1
R
!
IS 86-307 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-308 N !
R
1
R
!
i
IS 86-309 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-311 N !
S
!
S
!
!
58-57
!
S
!
S
1
1137
1
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-312 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-251 N !
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-243 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-245 N !
NA
!
NA
!
!
IS 86-249 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-246 N !
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-244 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-247 N !
S
!
S
!
1
IS 86-250 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-248 N !
S
!
S
!
!
IS 86-242 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-237 N !
R
!
S
!
!
IS 86-236 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-239 N !
S-.-
!
S--
!
!
IS 86-235 N !
R
!
R
!
IS 86-240 N !
R
!
R
!
I
IS 86-234 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-241 N !
S
!
S
I
IS 86-238 N. !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-257 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-260 N !
N.A
!
NA
!
IS 86-259 N !
R
!
S
!
IS 86-256 N !
:R
!
R
!
IS 86-254 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-253 N !
R
!
R
! IS 86-255 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-252 N !
S
!
S
! IS 86-258 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-276 N !
s
!
S
! IS 86-274 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-275 N !
Ii
!
3
!
IS 86-271 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-278 N !
P63
!
S
!
IS 86-272 N !
NA
!
NA
!
IS 86-272 N !
s
!
S
!
IS 86-277 N !
S
!
S
!
IS 86-270 N !
s
!
NA
!
!
!
!
- 15 -
-
t
!
CROSS B 21 X TVX 3236-OlG F7
I
!
.!
I
!
!
!
!
!
IS 86-90 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-72 N !
R !
R !
!
IS 86-89 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-60 N !
s* !
s* !
!
IS 86-63 N
!
NA ! NA !
IS 86-82 N !
R !
!
IS 86-73 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-71 N ! NA ! NA i
!
IS 86-80 N
!
R !
s !
IS 86-81 N ! NA ! NA
;
! IS 86-75 N
1
NA
!
NA !
IS 86-76 N !
R
!
R
?
!
BAMBEY 21
!
R !
R !
IS 86-61 N ?
s !
s !
! IS 86-70 N
!
R !
R
! IS 86-66 N ?
R !
R !
! IS 86-65 N
1
NA
1
NA
!
IS 86-62 N !
R !
R
I
i IS 86-83 N
!
R !
S
!
IS 86-69 N 1
R !
R
I.
!
IS 86-86 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-74 N !
R !
R
I
!
IS 86-88 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-85 N !
R !
R
?
! IS 86-84 N
!
R !
R !
IS 86-64 N !
R !
R
!
!
IS 86-68 N
!
s !
S
!
IS 86-67 N !
R !
R
S
! IS 86-77 N
!
NA ! NA !
IS 86-78 N !
R !
R
I
!
TVX 3236
!
R" !
:-R
!
IS 86-87 N !
R !
R
!
!
IS 86-79 N
!
R !
s !
!
!
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
VARIETIES
-!
!
!
!
!
+ 4'
!
!
!
-!
! B21
!
R !
R !
TVX 3236
!
R !
R !
!
'?B 5
!
R !
R !
TVU 1185
!
R !
R !
!
59-9
1
R !
R !
CASA 3
1
R
!
s. !
!
CASA 16
1
s !
s !
VLP CASA 16 !
R !
R !
!
58-111 *
!
s
!
S
! NDIAMBOUR !
R
1
R
!
!
TVU 393
!
R !
R !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
-
NOTES :
-
-
R: Resistant
S : Susceptible
i.
NA : Reaction not available
* : Reaction not clear
From the first cross (58-57 X IT 81 D-1137), 14 progenies showed
resistant reaction while 47 were susceptible. Two progenies did not show c:tear
reaction. Ten entries which are found resistant in the screenhousetest had shown
susceptible reaction in the field test. Only four progenies viz., IS 86-282 N,
IS 86-299 N, IS SS-240 N and IS 86-253,N have shown resistant reaction.in both
the tests. Five progenies from the second cross (B 21 X TVX 3236-01~) were
found susceptible in the screenhouse test while a11 the entries were observed
to be resistant in the field test. Amongst the varieties B 21 and TVX 3236
- 16 -
confirmed their resistance in the screen house test. TVU 393 and 1185 which
are reported to be resistant also confirmed their resistance in the screen ho,use.
Local varieties Casa 3, Casa 16 and 58-111 were observed to be susceptible.
However, the resistant reaction of other local varieties viz., 59-9 and Ndiambour
was contradictory to their susceptible reaction in the field trials.
2.3 - Bacterial blight resistance screening :
Bacterial blight is another important disease of cowpea in Senegal.
Some varietal screening was carried out during 1985 and few resistant‘ s o u r c e s
were identified. These resistant sources were used in the crossing program for
incorporating bacterial blight resistance in the local susceptible varieties.
Sixty seven entries comprising of 2 crosses viz., 58-57 X B 21 (18) and B21 X
TVX 3236 (39) together with 10 varieties consisting of parents and local varieti.es
were screened for bacterial blight resistance under screen house conditions.
Four to five seeds of each entry were sown in each pot separately on 15.11.1985.
The inoculation was carried..-ouL-$o.n 29.11.1985 by the stem stab method described
in 1985 report. The observations for the bacterial blight score were recorded on
9.01.86 and 29.01.86 in 1 to 10 scale as under :
l- No stem tanker
2 - Small caner at the inoculation point.
3-4 - Short brown streaks up and down the inoculation point.
5-6 - Extensive streaks with very little stem splitting.
7- Slight splitting and caner formation extending sometimes to full length
of the Stern.
8 - Extensive splitting of stem and stunting of growth.
9 - Same as in grade 8 but with killing of the apical bud.
10 - Complete killing of the plants.
Grades 1,2,3 and 4 are considered as resistant (R), 5 and 6 as
modererately resistant (MR), 7 moderately susceptible (MS), 8 and 9 susceptible
and 10 highly susceptible. The results of this screening are presénted in
.-
._-
*_
.
.
table 4.
TABLE 4 : BACTERIAL BLIGHT REACTIONS OF SOME BRBEDING LINES, PARENTS/LOCAL VARIETIES IN THE
SCREEN HOUSE AT BAMBEY.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ENTRY
! SCORE
! ENTRY
! SCORE
! ENTRY !
SCORE
! ENTRY
! SCORE
! ENTRY
! SCORE '!
ENTRY
! SCORE !
1
!
!
I
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
I
!
1
I
!
CROSS 58-57 X B 21
!
l
!
!
!
!
1
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
8
!
2
! 10 !
'3
!
10
1
4
!
3
!
5
!
10
!
6
!1/10,2/3!
1
7
!
lo
!
8
!1/10,1/3!
9
!
4
!
10
!
5
!
11
!
10
!
12
! 10
l
!
13
!
10
!
14
!1/8,1/10!
15
!
3
1
16
!
10
!
17
!
5
!
18
!1/7, 1/5!
1
!
1
1
I
l
1
1
'
!
!
l
!
1
!
!
CROSS B 21 X TVX 3236
L
1
!
l
!
l
1
I
l
1
4
!
'i
!
1
!
1
1
1
1
!
1 0
!
2
!1/8, 2/2!
3
! 2
!
'4
!
10
!
5
!
8
!
6
!
10
!
!
7
!
4
!
8
!
3
!
9
! 1/10, 1/7
!
10
!
NG
!
11
!
2
!
12
!
1
!
1
13
!
4
!
14
!
2
!
15
!1/2, 3/10, 1/8 !
16
!
2
!
17
!
10
!
18
1
4
!
!
19
!
4
!
20
!
3
!
21
! 3
!
22
!
2
!
23
!
2
!
24
!
2
!
l
25
!
2
!
26
!
2
!
27
! 2
!
28
!
4
!
29
!
3
!
30
1
2
!
!
31
!
4
!
32
!
3
!
33
! 2
I
34
!
2
!
35
!
3
!
36
I
4
!
!
37
!
2
!
38
!
3
!
39
! 3
!
1
I
1
1
1
!
!
1
!
1
1
l
!
l
!
!
!
l
1
1
!
,
VARIETES
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
!
!
l
!CVU 69
!
8
!TVU 1174!
10
!TVX 3236!
2
!Mougne
!
4
! vcs 14 !
10
! IT 81 D 1137
!
2!'
! 58-57
!
2
!B 21
!
10
!CB5 !
10
! 78-37
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
1
!
I
l
!
!
!
1
1
1
NOTE : NG : No germination
I
t;
- 18 -
Out of 69 entries, 38 were resistant, 2 moderately resistant, 3 suscep-
tible while 16 were highly susceptible. One entry did not germinate. Seven
breeding lines showed heterogenic reaction indicating that they are still
segregating. Many resistant lines (30) were observed in the cross B 21 X TVX 3236
than the cross 58-57 X B 21 (3) which indicate that TVX 3236 is a good donar
for bacterial blight resistance. Out of 10 varieties, 5 were resistant, 1
susceptible while 4 were highly susceptible which included local improved variety
B 21 and the newly introduced american variety CB 5.
III - IDENTIFICATION OF COWPEA VIRUSES PREVAILING IN SENEGAL
The virus symptoms in different regions showed slight variation. The
virus encounteredin north Senegal showed light green mottle with pronounced leaf
distortion while the Casamance virus showed mottle with more yellowing but rare
leaf distortion. This variation in symptoms lead to a supposition that différent
viruses exist in differnet ecological zones. TO confirm this supposition and to
-A
identify the viruses oc.curringqn Senegal, virus affected leaf sainples of cowpea
were collected from different locations viz., Bambey, Nioro, Séfa and Djib'elor
during October 1986. Alltogether 180 samples were collected of which 42 were
from Bambey, 17 from Nioro, 14 from Sefa and 107 from Djibelor. Agar Gel Diffusion
test was employed to identify the virus present in these samples using antisera
of Southern Bean Mosaïc Virus, Cowpea Yellow Mosaïc Virus and Cowpea Mottle Virus
obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1badan;Nigéria.
The summary of results '15 presented in table 5.
- 19 -
TABLE 5 : SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF VIRUS IDENTIFICATION
l
1
1
1
-.
1
1
!
!
No OF !
No OF SAMPLES SHOWING
THE CVE REACTION TO
!
! LOCATION !
VARIETY
! SAMPLES !
!
!
!
!
TESTED !
!
!
!
!
!
!
SMBV ,
CYMV ,
CMeV i
!
BAMBEY
!
58-55
!
23
!
0
!
0
!
o-!
I
!
Mougne
!
10
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
Ndiambour
1
2
1
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
Dan Haoussa
!
2
!
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
1137 X 58-57
!
3
:
1
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
TVX 3236 X 58-57
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
58-57 X VITA 1
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0
!
!
!
!
!
I
!
!
TOTAL
!
!
!
4 2
!
0
1
0
!
0
!
!
NIORO
!
58-57
!
13
!
3
!
0
!
(y-!
!
!
TN 27-80
:.
!
3
!
2
!
0
!
0
!
.
!
!
Gorum-Gorum
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
TOTAL
!
l7
!
5
!
O
!
O
i
!
SEFA
!
58-57
'
!
8
!
2
!
0
!
o - !
!
!
TN 49-80
!
2
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
TN 27-80
!
2
!
1
!
0
!
0 !
!
j
TN 88-83
!
1
!
1
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
Santiago
!
1
!
0
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
TOTAL !
!
14
;
4
1
!
!
!
!
O
;
O
;
-_-
!
DJIBELOR
;
Local
1
1
;
!
-!
!
.
59-9
!
86
57
4
*
0
0
!
; !
!
!
58-57
!
7
!
4
!
0
!
0 !
1
!
TN 88-83
1
2
!
2
1
0
!
0
1
0
!
TN 27-80
!
2
!
1
1
0
!
0 !
!
!
TN 49-80
!
3
!
,2
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
TN 3-78
!
2
!
2
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
1032
!
1
!
1
!
0
!
0 !
!
!
!
1
107
!
69
!
!
!
!
TOTAL
!
,
!
O
!
O
!
!
!
!
!
I
!
!
GRAND TOTAL
180
78
!
!
!
,
!
O
!
O
!
NOTE : SBMV : Southern Bean Mosaîc Virus
CYMV : Cowpea Yellow Mosaïc Virus
CMeV : Cowpea Mottle Virus
- 20 -
The results presented in table 5 reveal tha t a11 the samples col.lected
from Bambey showed negative reaction against antisera of a11 the 3 viruses
indicating that none of these viruses were prevailing in this region. Five
samples collected from Nioro and 4 from Sefa showed positive reaction to
antiserum of southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) but a11 the samples showed
negative reaction to antisera of cowpea yellow mosaïc virus (CYMV) and cowpea
mottle virus (CMeV),Qut of 107 samples collected from Djibélor, 69 showed
positive reaction to antiserum of SBMV but negative reaction to antisera of
CYMV and CMeV. These results clearly indicate that SBMV was predominently
prevailing"in Casamance during 1986 trop season. This is a first report of
occurrence of SBMV in Senegal.
IV - SURVEY OF COWPEA DISEASES .:-
During 19861 season, the disease pressure was comparatively less than
1985 PartiCUlarly in respect of Choanephora pod rot and baoterial blight. 'rhe
less incidence of choanephora pod rot may be attributed to less favourable
climatic conditions while that of bacterial blight is mostly due to use of
disease free seed. However, at Louga and Nioro stations, the incidence of
bacterial blight was quite high on B 21 because of use of old bacterial blight
infected seed.
During this year, few new diseases were noticed. Cowpea Golden Mosaîc
Virus was seen in Senegal for the first time. The disease was noticed on CB 5
and some local varieties in Dagana department (Mbane and Diagoum). The serallo-
gical tests carried out in the laboratory for identification of viruses
revealed the presence of Southern Bean Mosalc Virus predominently in the samples
collected from Casamance while the samples collected from Bambey indicated the
presence of Cucumber MosaIc Virus. Both these viruses are also not reported
from Senegal previously. The presence of Aphid-borne Mosaïc Virus in Senegal was
detected in the past. As such there are now 4 different viruses encountered on
Cowpea in Senegal.
Bacterial pustule, which was reported to be seen in CILSS tria1 in
Casamance during last year, was also noticed in Louga and Diourbel regions
during 86 season. The disease was mostly restricted to CB 5 variety in Mini-kit
I,rials. At few locations it was also seen on B 21. No other variety showed
incidence of bacterial. pustule.
- 21 --
Amongst the other diseases noticed cercosporiose and web blight are
quite important. Bath the diseases occur on large scale but mostly at the end of
trop cycle.
.
A parasitic weea (Striga gesneroïdes) was noticed on CB 5 and B 21 at
-- __
one location (Kebeme:r) in Louga region. Constant vigillance is necessary as this
weed may be highly destructive and become one of the limiting factors in Cowpea
Production.
One of the -local varieties of Senegal (58-57) has been observed to
be resistant to striga at IITA centre in Burkina Faso,
Station wise report of various diseases encountered in the experimental
plots at the research stations as well as mini-kit trials on the farmers' fields
is furnished in table 6.
TABLE 6 : COWPEA DISEASES ENCOUMTERED IN SENEGAL
HE:&$RCH STATIONS :
BAMBEY:
a
58-57
-. Virus, Cercosporiose
Mougne
-. Virus
Gorum Gorum - Virus
B21
- Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot
CB 5
-. Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot
Ndiambour - Virus, Choanephora pod rot.
Cercosporiose,web blight, bacterial blight and virus were noticed in
the Disease Nursery on some of the germplasm entries (See Table 2 of this report).
NIORO :
58-57
- Virus, Cercosporiose
B 21
- Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot, web blight
TVX 3236 - Choanephora pod rot
Santiago - Bacterial blight, web blight, virus
TN 49-80
- Virus-
Gorum Gorum - Virus
TN 27-80
- Virus
- 22 -
.
DJIBELOR :
58-57
- Virus
Santiago
- Bacterial blight, web blight,'%iru'S
TN 78430
q Bacterial,blight, Cercosporiose
TN 49-80
-Virus
.
CB 5
- Virus
TN 1-2-1
- Web blight *
Local
- Virus, Cercosporiose, web blight.
SINTHIOU MALEM :
58-57
- Virus
TN 49-80
-Virus
SEFA :
2.
58-57
Virus
TN 49-80
Viqs '
TN 27-80
Vi*&3 ;
TN 88-83
Virus
-
LOUGA :
CB 5
Web blight
B 21
Bacteriai blight
58-57
Virus
TN 1-2-1
Bacteri.al.b;ight
NDIOL :
58-57
Virus
Gorum-Gorum - Virus
FANAYE :
58-57
- Virus
THILMAKHA :
58-57
-Virus
Gorum-Gorum - Virus
MINIKITS :
GATT :
58-57
- Virus
B 21
- Bacterial blight
- 23 -
SAM-THIALE :
B 21
-- Choanephora pod rot, cercosporiose, web blight
CB 5
-. Choanephora pod rot, web blight, cercosporiose, Bacterial
blight and Bacterial pustule.
58-57
-- Virus and Cercosporiose
TVX 3236 - Choanephora pod rot
Mougne
-, Virus, Choanephora pod rot
NGUITH :
58-57
- Virus
B 21
- Web blight
CB5
_I Bacterial blight, Bacterial pustule, web blight
KER BOUM1 :
.:-
CB5
- Bacterial pustule, web blight, Choanephora pod rot
B 21
- Bacterial blight, Choanephora pod rot, web blight and
Bacterial pustule
58-57
- Virus
Ndiambour - Web blight
KEBEMER :
58-57
- Virus
CB 5
- Bacter ial pustule, virus, Choanephora pod rot, str iga
B 21
- Striga
THILMAKHA :
58-57
- Virus, Cercosporiose
FARMERS' FIELDS OTHER THAN MINIKITS :
MBANE (Dagana) :
CB 5
- Golden Mosaïc Virus, Web blight
DIAGOUM (Dagana) :
CB 5
- Golden Mosaïc Virus
Local
- Golden Mosaïc Virus
SINE DIENG (Louga) :
CB5
= Bacterial pustule
- 24 -
TOUBA THIARE (Louga) :
58-57
- Virus
THIAKHAR (Bambey) :
CB 5
- Bacterial pustule, Web blight, Virus, Choanephora pod rot
58-57
- Virus, Web blight
V- SEED PRODUCTION :
During 1985 trop season the seed multiplication plots of B 21 and
58-57 varieties planted by the seed production officer showed incidence of
bacterial blight and virus respectively. In order to minimise the seed borne
inoculum of these diseases, rigorous roguing of diseased plants was carried out.
The seed thus obtained was used for further multiplication during summer and
.:-
rainy seasons of 1986 as under.
Summer 86
: Bambey 21 : 1.04 ha
Rainy Season 86 : Bambey 21 : 3.5
ha
58-57
: 3.0
ha
These seed multiplication plots were inspected periodically for
bacterial blight and virus. During both the seasons the seed multiplication
plots were observed to be free from bacterial blight and virus.
- 25 -
SUMMARY
1.
The results of screening for Choanephora pod rot resistance revealed
that there is no variety which is free of Choanephora. However, the following
14 varieties showed ,a very low incidence as well as intensity (0.5 grade) of
the disease. Moreove.r,
no other disease was seen on these varieties. Since it
is a first year of testing, the results need to be confirmed.
VARIETIES
: 66-14, 60-3, 38-84, 59-24 T, TW 3629, 58-75, 78-12, T W 1977,
58-60, 5!3-79 D3, 58-41, 78-29, 78-5 and 66-72.
2.
Eighty one progenies of 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 cross and 33 progenies
of B 21 X TVX 3236-0.16 both in F6 generation were screened for virus resistance
under field conditions togetherwith 9 F2 families. Twenty six progenies of
58-57 X IT 81 D-1137 did not show virus incidence while a11 the entries from
B 2i X TVX 3236-OlG were free from VirUS. Al1 the F2 families segregated for
virus reaction except 59-9 X B 21. One hundred and forty plants having virus
resistance and desirable agronomie characters were selected for further testing.
Virus incidence on some of the entries from uninoculated replication indicated
that the vector transmission was very effective. Cowpea leaf beetles Ootheca
mutabilis were noticed in the field which might have acted as vector for
transmission of the virus.
A screen house test of advance generation material conducted for
confirming the results of field test yielded 14 virus resistant entries from
the cross 58-57 X IT 81 D-1137. However, only 4 progenies viz., IS 86-282 N,
IS 86-299 N, IS 86-240 N and IS 86-253 N were found resistant in both field as
well as screen house test. The progenies of the cross B 21 X TVX 3236 were a11
free in the field test while 5 progenies developed virus in the screen house
test. Amongst the varieties B 21 and TVX 3236 continued to be virus free.
TVD 393 and 1185 were also observed to be resistant. Local varieties viz.,
Casa 3, Casa 16 and 58-111 were found to be susceptible but 59-9 and Ndiambour
did not show virus symptom which is contradictory to field observations.
3.
Sixty seven entries comprising of 57 breeding lines and 10 variétrQ5
yielded 38"bacterial blight resistant lines which included 2 local varieties
viz., 58-57 and Mougne. Another local variety viz., B 21 and american variety
CB 5 were observed to be highly susceptible.
- 26 -
4.
..
One hundred and eighty virus affected leaf samples were collected
from various locations and different varieties for identifying the virus
occurring on Cowpea in Senegal. Agar gel diffusion test was employed for the
identification using antisera of SBMV, CYMV and CMeV obtained from IITA,
Nigeria. Seventy eight samples mostly from Djibelor showed positive reaction
to antiserum of SBMV indicating that this virus was predominant in Casamance
during 1986 season. This is a first report of SBMV on cowpea from Senegal.
5
Survey of cowpea diseases revealed that the disease pressure in
c .
general was less than 1985 particularly in respect of choanephora pod rot and
bacterial blight. Few new diseases were noticed on cowpea during 1986 season
such as cowpea golden mosafc virus, southern bean mosaîc virus and cucumber
mosaïc virus. Al1 these diseases have not been reported on cowpea in Senegal.
Amongstthe other diseases noticed, cercosporiose and web blight are quite
important. Both the diseases occur on large scale but mostly at the end of
trop cycle. Striga was also noticed at one location.
6.
Rigorous roguing of bacterial blight and virus affected plants Was
carried in the seed multiplication plots during 1985 season. As a result, no
bacterial blight and virus infection was encountered in the seed multiplication
plots during summer and rainy seasons of 1986.
27 --
RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR 1987
1 - Screening varieties as welî as elite breeding material for resistance to
major diseases such as virus, bacterial blight, choanephora pod rot, etc...
in the field and/or in the screen house.
2 - Surveillance of Cowpea diseases in minikit trials as well as in the f.arm,ersl
fields in Louga and Diourbel region.
3- Vigillance of cowpea seed multiplication plots for presence of seed borne
diseases and undertake roguing for disease free seed production.