---

1 Y
1 N IRODUCT ION
._: . i+lC;VEF; 1 F‘rLS FIND MI_ THLID’S .
2.1.. Sclils.
3-5cz .2. B a ITI b i\\ I- a J I- CI IJ il d tl IL.~ t. c c I 1 t. YI Y -:x i - c-- ,,
2 .J. Rhirobium st)-aiiÏs.
2 . 4 . V a r i e t y triais.
2 . 5 . Respunsiveness o f b . gt- i.~undt~ut tn n i tÏoge”l a il d p 1-i 13 5: I:I h CI I- \\..I .:th *
2.6. Field 5creenig of b . gI-ciL~\\ldhut for E N F .
2 “7 . Isc~latic~n of Rhizobium çtrains from b .g\\-~~t~\\>dn~ct n o d u l e s .
2 . 7 . 1 . Ne F’i :< ing ah i 1. i ty of i.r,d igenous Rh i ;:ob iccm.
2.7.2 . Greenhouse e.valctatioIl o
f
plant-Rhizcebir-tm i\\7tei-acticzl3s.
2 . 8 .
F i e l d inoculatic~n triais.
2 . 8 . 1 . E x p ~ r i m e n t conducted in 1985.
2 . 8 . 2 . Exper iment conduc t e d il-1 i96b.
2 . 8 . 3 . Experiment c o n d u c t e d ii-1 1’987.
2 . Y . S u t - v e y o f disease 017 b . groi-rndw.tt .
2 , 1 0 . E f f e c t o f p H cln t h e growth of b . groi.-~ndncrt .
-.3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
3 . 1 . V a r i e t y tr-i.615.
J . 2 . Respcansiveness

o
f

b. groc.cndi71.~ttC( iÏitÏC~gEl? alld phC~5phC~\\-Ltf-,.
3 . 2 . 1 . E f f e c t o f nitt-ûgen.
3 . 2 . 2 . E f f e c t of phcqsphclr-us.
3 . 2 . 3 .
Interdi:t ic~ris b e t w e e n n i troyen and phc~r;~hoi-~ts.
3 .Y3 . Impr-oving EiNF o f b . ground\\l~~t.
3 -3.1. F i e l d varietal ccr-eening.
3 . 3 . 2 . Effet t iveness of- indigenous Rh i zclb icrm strait?s.
3 . 3 . 3 . E v a l u a t i o n o f hcast cult;ivar-Rhizobium
itÏteractionr<.
3 . 3 . 4 . F i e l d respclnse ts i n o c u l a t i o n w i t h Rhizobium str-ain-.
3 . 3 . 4 . 1 .
Exper iment condctcted i
n
1985.
3 . 3 . 4 . 2 .
Eaper i ment ‘tond i c ted in 1986 .
3 .3.4.3. Exper iimrnt cc~~~id~..~cted ii-7 1?57.
9 ’
.A . ‘t . Survey o f d isease.
3 . 5 . Re5onse to d i f f F-i-en ir pH 1 e.vF- 1 E., .
4 . CCINCLUS I GIN .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT w
REFERENCES.
AF’F’ENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
AF’F’ENDIX 3
AFF’ENDIX 4

---

i.!
.
l.XNTRODUCTIClN.
1 li
tt;tc fje.+e14:4pil~~j
iiIs(i:it: ie5:
5 p Qc i ;? ] 1 ;.:
1 1'1
t IÏ e S~ITI 1
a I i d
t r C:I p i IX 5
i l-l A'f 1.' 1 LZ GI. s
t. t-l i?
tood availabi lit) al-~cl qUa1ity i::; rr 5i~ci.al. artd pc~liti.ilal pt-ctblt-01.
I
t

‘.*,’ e i’- Y
impurtant
f Cl jr’
,t hvse
c Cl u 1-i t I- I. e >Si
t c*
deve 1 CI~
t h e
)-eS@~\\(-&
CI I-I
Lt! e
riutri 4 ioi7al
c t- 0 p s whiih are t h e r-e$zocr\\-ces f o r t h e f u t u r e .
On t h i s p C.I i 1-i t i-1 f
k iew?
bambara
CJ I- c* CI 1-l cl I? u t,
(Vctandzeia subterranea) is a material of choict+.
Eambai- a
grc~undlÏu t
ic-: an knderexp 1 CC i ted legume ar~d i t is grc~u\\~d il7 Senegal
i 17
SI-Rd1 1
scale
tï-ad i t ional
fat-!TtE
135
â
SC1 le
I_i-0 p
0 \\-
i n i17tercrop
rombir~atiohs w i th cerealc;.
7 a 1:: i i-q
into
account
ttie
,fact
that lt;yume ir~aculation might serve a
s

ai-1
tconomical
means
D f
i ncreas i ng
y i e l d s
e v e n
i n
t i-1 e
c a s e o f
si-na 1 1
traditiona
f arms r
ÏpSedl-Ch
Cl 1-i
t h e
Rhizubium
ti?i_hi7CI10TJy fs\\- leyume i,=_I
o e e d e d
i Ïl
West Afr ica, special l y i n Senegal wher-e legume irioculatian witlh
Rhirabium
5trail-15
i2
I-IG t
a
CI Cl Illl$iU Y1
c CI 1. t 1.1 I”’ a 1
pt-ac: t ic:r
5
a1 thouqh i tci
benef ic id1
effects bave been demctnstr-ated b
y

a

number caf field experiments
I:<$l-\\- i ed
0 CI t
w i t I-I
sovbc:~an
( D cl m m 1~ Ï- C;l u e s
et a1 I ? 19?C? ; t+! Y pers. CCIKIITI" 1 .
T O
0 u r
know ledge !
1-l Cl
irîc~culatian s t u d y ha- 50 fat- bien carried clut w i t h
bambara
groundnu t
i n Seiiegal . Hcgw@vei- ? v e r y f ew -ztudi~s bave b e e n done CIil
n?7dulat 10n
and
i3i tl-ogert
f i x a t i CI 11
b y
bambarc. grclundnct t (.Denar ie et a1 a p
1 9 6 8 ; DûC::up 1969 ; Thompson aiîd D e v i s , 1977).
1 l-l
1 9 8 3 ,
Se13egal Inst i tute cif Agi- icul tui-a1 R~search
( ISRA) had submitted ti
p I- 0 p 0 5 a 1
t 0
EOSTID-Mat ional
Acad&my o
f
S c i e n c e s (NAS) foi- studyi17g t h e
biçllclgicdl
17i trcageïi
f ixatiol7 by b a m b a t - a grc~ur~dt-~ut ii-1 t h e f l-dint?wC~rI:: o f the
14 e 5 t
Afr i c a
MIRCEN.
1 1-1
Decembet-
1983,
Dr .
M i c h a e l
DOW had a
10 iÏQ
d i soucis i 017
w i t h
t h e
MIRCEN st.sff’ OI-I
t h e clb jectives and methodology of
t h e grant.
1 11
May y
1 9 8 4 ,
t h e
NAS approved tel IsRfi Et tkJC* YE'dl-5 CJ\\-x3blt tCt CFA\\-1-y CIUt L4
research
pro ject
e1-i t i t 1 ed
“Improving
t h e
Yield dl-Id Eiiologiçal N i trclyer-:
F 1 :-: a t i ci n
ci f
Eambara
r~I-Ctundnu t “ . This gt-ai3t was pro lclrqt-d unt i 1 September
1987.
L.OBJECTIVES.
Tttie
iii a i 1-1
ctibjectrve
Cl f
t tlsk?
/2 i‘ i3 3 GC t
i i
to iinprovE>
tt~,t:s yield ctf b3l%b-ii-.;
1.1 1.‘ CI ?.( Il cl 1-l 1 I t
thr-ough
ttÏe
n i t I’- 0 y e I i f i :.; a t. i c’ j-1 ,,
Eiecause i t; i 5, an und-!re:.,p lo i. teçl
leguneF i t is
nece5sdrv
t ca
COiÏb_t i tute
f i i - s t
at7 i mpclrtant yer-mplasm o f
bambara
groundnu t
and
a
cclllec,tictr~ c1.f e f f e c t i v e R h i z w b i u m rtrains. Th i -.
is why t h e o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e first p h a s e o f t h i s pruject a r e :
.._
Obtaii3
promising
barnbat-a yroundnut yet-mp l a s m i
n
Ic~cal markets and fl-on
lrlter-national c o l l e c t i o n s .

---

.JJ.ifi
..-.. .._.. - ..-..._..... _- . .._-..._ ._ _..........
Soils
..-.----.
T
- o t
- a-l 13
-
TG i- a 1
t4
-_. . . ._
F:!.V-i.il. .IE.”
c 1 p.J :. II
I -ci a in
_- .._.. ._
_..-._
SaiTCI
-._.-_. - -
pH c C-i20
_-_-- -.___.
Bambry
2970
2’?Ct
ICI .S
4 . 0 .
2 . (3
94 . C:l
7.6
D j ibelor
4 2 2 0
440
16 . 1
9 . 5
4 . 8
8 7 . 5
4 .J
N i CI t- CI
4 16 (2
3 1 Cl
137 . 0
6 . 4
3 . 6
SC! . c:>
5 . s
Sinthiou
Maleme
4380
4 . 8
2 . 5
9 2 . 7
ii . 2
“.
.-.. - .-__.
____ ._.._
-_
.
_
cl
: Available F’ (Olsen, 1954).

---

-.. O b s e r v e p o s s i b l e disease.
2.MATERIALS C\\ND METHODS.
13 -Il-
experiments were cai-ried ciut at four t?xper imental stations i n Se17ega.l :
Bambey ?
Dj ibelor F
N i CI r 0
arïd
S i n 4 h i CI I+I
Ma 1 Pme.
E c c l n g i c a l candi tiens .at
t h e s e
s t a t i o n s
are d ifferertt and 6he çharacttjri.st icE oÎ t h e four types r3,f
xi1 a r e indicated i n T a b l e 1. Al1 locaticon-, are ir-ldicated in F i g . 1.
;-il2 - Eambara qrclundnut
-^-
rul. t ivar-s.
I---“_-~-__-_..
Sevrllt y
e i g h t
bambar-a
grc~und\\~ut
cul t i val-5
clbta i n e d
f )-Gin
diffrrent
cc8ui-i ti- i es i n Flft-ica were listed i n T a b l e 2 .
2 . 3 Rhizabium strains
_“--.---- -
iii 1 even
çt.rains
1 isted
i n
T a b l e
3 were used
~II thi- m a i.ïl experiment5 WE
I:canduc t e d during t h e gi+ant pericad.
2.4 - VarieQ
-
-
triais.
!1a1- i et y
tria15
f o r
determining
agronomie eharacteristics i n
ccat-i-Platiill-
44 i t h
the
g i- a i 11
y i e l d were conduct;ed in 15'85 at. Ea,mbey O-ai~ifall : 38U,nm)
pand
rd 1 OI- CI
!raii?fall : 5 3 2 m m ! expePimenta1 -,t-atiol-is. Cul tivars clbtained 11‘~
1984
5 CI CI i-l
as
7 8 - 1 r
7 9 - 1 F 83--12t,, 8:‘-127, 83--129y 83-130: 23-131 and L1..1j
:ï:,xmero~..~I? wei-e lused ~C(I- th i 5 5 tudy .
‘ï\\
i- . 5
-.
F\\eac, foc i vei-,ec 5
- -
---c------L.. L!.~
bclmbal-a
- .-..---.:-+- .-._ --__-+__ Y! I &!$!!2"&~~ !Y!. t ,.. !. E.'
;-ij. tlwt:aqpll &3\\'j(j
- --...-.. . ..^_...
._..
_..___. _ _......_ .B !lK!S PhQt- 4s
r~~~~l i c
_-.- a t ions.
.._-_--.- __.__
GI-eenhouse
e:.:perimei?t to d e t e r m i n e t h e respo\\>5 1 veïless of bambara l~r-o~~~~d~~~~~ t
i .
L c.1
ni trogen
and
phusphorus applicat:ton wac, conduc:ted. Cul tivars 7 9 - i a~-{d
t3:3- 13 1.
w e r e
p l a n t e d
il7 a factcl~+ial cclmplete randomized d e s i g n conçisting
c:, 1‘
two facters viz. nit,i--ogen applicatic~n a5 C~I-ea at three levelc; CO,20 and
100 ppm N)
al7d
phoçphorus
appli,catic~~ as tr ip1.e saperphc~~phate at foiil-
Ileve 1s
(0720,
4
0
a\\7d 8 0 ppm F )‘
wi th
f i v e
r-epl icat icIris.
S e e d s Wi?ÏE
gel-minated
i n sand for- 3 days and eiach seed 1 i n g was t h e n tl--anc;p latlted i n a
p 0 t
containing
3kg o f unstel--i l e Eambc-y S o i 1 . N i t\\-clgc-n and F’husphcli-us fret
Ciewi t t
5 0 1 CI t i CI 13
(Hewitt?
19bh! di’lcrted w i th water i 1:3) was a d d e d cl~lce 2
week d u r ing t h e growing p e r iod.
tAf t er
55
days
G f g I+CI~ t h ? plant tc;ps w e i - e c l i p e e d off? dr-ied’ weighed ~C~I-
cl l- y
mat ter
pr-oduc t ion T
and grounded f o r n i troyen aljd phcl-;phorus contenti

---

---

.
.
.._._
-__
_._-...._.-_
-.
.-
.-
-.
.,
_
_-_ . -. - -.
_.._
_

---

_
..-
-
-
-
_
. _--.-. -_
_
_
_
_--
.-
.
_
-
.
-._
_
_
.
_ _
_”
,.._,_
-
---.
‘.
‘,
‘
:iij..l.!,*‘:
‘1 i ? j vj!‘:
!:!.i,J.i! .
“__ - - .-_. i.
.__
-..
-. _.
,

---

T a b l e 3 .
_
_ I _. _.__. ._
_
.-
I
._
_
stra1ns
Host-p
l+i~~n.~
sclul-c es
__.___I_.. - .._<....
MAO
1 1.
G l y c i n e ma:.:
West Flfrica MIRCEN
MAO 26
G l y c i n e ma:.:
W e s t Africa M I R C E N
MAO
113
Voandxeia sub terral-tea
West Afi-ica M I R C E N
MAO
118
Wi-st fifi-ica M I R C E N
BAM 6 1 8
Voandzeia subterranea
U n i v e r - s i ty M a r y l a n d E a s t . ShcIre
T A L
2 2
N i f T A L prclJect H a w a i i ? U S A
T A L
16S
Vigna uï1guic[-,lata
N i f T A L pro.]@ct H a w a i i p USCI
T A L
5 6 9
Desmod ium L~\\K i na tum
N i f T A L project H a w a i i Y U S A
T A L 1380
uÏlk:wc~wn
Universi t y M a r y l a n d E a s t = Shore
MUNGCI
u 1-l 1:: CI w l?
Univr\\--,i ty M a r y l a n d East. Shclr-e
.-
_.
.

---

i>*&
Field
ScreE:i.l
-----_-_- ..__._. “..-.. .” i ,
.__._ iq
CI i
_,._. .__,,, <.. _ _“. b
” C: il1 t>
..__<_._ -a .._C’ 1
Cl 1“ il Cl’Ïd Il !.( i-
,r. c., 1 1, 1 ‘q’ :+ ,- 52
.-.’ .._ .._..-.... ..A -.... ._ ..- ..- ._-. -.-_. ._____. c ._._._ 1_....__ f.c!!~~__._.~..-,l.- Cl _ 1 _‘C a
. 1_ ._
:
*
n~troqen
-- --.-

------ fi:.:ati.c~n.
.--. - -.._ -
Dur i ng
1%35
rainy
sea,son
t- i e 1 d screr?ning e~1perinient5
were car\\-ied Oc!t c*t;
E3amh ey
(i-ainfall
:
377i~~l 1
a I-I d
N i CI I- CI
!i-airifall
:
~~~~I?IITI) exper i menta 1
s t a t i o n s .
Twenty fc@Ir bambara grc~ui~dn~~ t c u l t ivars !entries from 1 to 24.
Table
2)
were hand Sc.tWi‘\\ i n a r-andomi zed b loch: desig:3. The cul tiva\\-s W~V-Q
SC~WI-I
i n two t r e a t m e n t s : withocdt c--b]) d,d Wi th C+N) nitl-clgen ferti 1 lxa.tic,i-
( :;o
L:g urea/‘ha) . A l 1 p l o t s received’ pPc~sphoru~ and p-ta5siu.m ferti 1 izaticlki
(60 C::g F’,Os/ha and i2ü kg t:‘C:i/lïa. res(3ec tively! .
S i x
w e e 1:: s
af ter
p 1 an t i ng Y t h r Relative Effeetiveness (R.E.) o f each hc1s.t
plant
-
i nd i genous
Rh i zab i um
ri t i- k i r; s
C 0 flit.j j. ï’ia t i CI il
bJa5 eval.ccattzd by thE
fc~llow~ng f o r m u l a (M~.~lc~~-~qc.:~y e t al. ? 1930) :
I-:.E. L:x a-f Cean anmp I sœ.n * 0 tt-lrr 1-N b 1 n cï ta:
_----_---.._l_- _-.... .-. -.-.-.. --.-j.-“-. ..___...” ._.-. _-._
X af trn s a m p l e s in t h e +N bloci::
1 11
t h i s
fc~rmula?
x
d eno te5
ei th@r shoot y I- CI CI t CII- ~I-IC~~U 1 t! dry we i g h ts I:I r
s h cl CI t II i t i- ci g P 1-1 c ca 1-1 t e 1’1 t .
The
samp 1 es
were
taken i n each tr&atment fi-am f i v e w e l l developed plaiitc,
d\\-ld
s t i l l
hav i ng
immature
pods. FOY ty f ive wel 1 developed 7 p ink i-\\c~dule.~
were s a m p l e d from t h e tap i-cIcits.
Rhizobium
str-aiïls
WC?l-62
j sa 1 a t ed
ac (. i’l I- d j. ng
t . c+
sta.\\-Ida\\-d
p I- CI c e d ct r F: 5
(Vi~el3t y
1?70).
Isillated rh i zob i a ~JC- _ e (:Cil tcrl-ed I:ii3 a.gai-
sla~~ts m a d e f:-o:z
Y EPl
med i u-n . Nitrogen fi:ilng ability caf the iso lates wei-e cclmpared ii-1 te,-,nr-.
6, f
shois t
d r y weight of b a m b a I- a g I- CI Li 1-i d I I I. I t c v . 85001 USed a3 tt-st plant a1-1~
iïul tivated
i II
LeoI7di-d
jar
ass.Etmb 1 i ek.
$1
L tu CI i-1 c\\ I- d ?
1$43) .
Seeds,
6112 I- G.
5 ter 1 1 i zed
us i ng
0.01%
Hy c 1 p fo 1- Ci mifit 3r1c.i qermlndtt:d li-l sterile çand i-c,:
-2
L.3
days
;
each s e e d l i n y was then tr*anzplanted i n t o a .;a)- assembly. Orie :ii1
suspends ion
0 f
1-h i z CI b i a i.
isolate
b I- CI t h
CappI-oxiinatively 109 ce1 15) 4a5,
added
a s e p t i c a l l y
t ca
t he
seed 1 i nc~s
fol
a11
treatments
eoeept for a:‘-,
urt:~ncrculated
c 0 11 t 1- 0 1
and p l a n t s were g\\-clw\\7 in a g\\-eer\\hcluse. Nitroge\\7 f:-FE
HWJ i t t
c;olcttion
(Hewitt?
1966) diluted ;:i ?h wdtei- ( 1 :3) w a s a d d e d c~nce 2
week during t h e growing pei- i-d -
4-T ter
35
d a y s o f
g 1-014 th T p l a n t tops were clipped off 3 dried and weighe:
f u r d r y matter prclduçt ion.
2 -7.2. Greerihsusse ev+~~,:ka~i.or~ c.lf’ tic:~ct~7l.a~~t-F~t~izot~ium sti-C+iU i\\ltel--ac- t ioi-t+
,-------I__I
.-.” .---.--.__.L.--.--.-----. --. -.“.-.- _^ .--.._- --..-_. - ..__.-___ I .-.__ -- ..__-........__. --..“_ __._ -_-. - ._.- .-_*. :
BO 1; h
the
MAO
indigencluc;
aIlCi
i~itrodc(ced Nlftal. R h i z o b i u m ~jtrc(in~ 1 istrd
i ri
T a b l e
10 were selected C:O~I t h e hasic; o f their e f f e c t i v e n e s s . T h e N i f t a i
s t; Y’ a i Il 5
served
as
5 t a l 1 cl 4 r 5
for
compas. isc1i-i aqain5t
the indi~~etlc~us OIÏ~~. .
p vi p 1 \\’ (:J
b a m b a I a
g,-~o~~lïdl-ll~~ t
c: , ] 1; 1 \\,’ I + t- ‘3
il 1 ‘5
1
1 ‘:jtcJd j 1,
TdtJ 1
,-r l(I)
Wci‘e. !-lc;é?*j
,_< .Y.

---

h o 5 t-
p la,-I+LS.
SF-&
5 tel- i 1 I :at :t 01-1
(:5 f
e a 1:: h
Cj FiÏCi t )/p E? ?
g e I- in 1 1-1 a t 1 0 I ? ?
trart5p 1arita.t ion?
itwccrlatiot-t
.3iid
wa te1 llig
p,e\\- p
c c nduc ted
<t,z desci- lb&
abave
a 1‘1 d
thei3
seed 1 i i7g7;
!< e ‘y e
t:i-~~,~tsp lailted i 1-1 LFC ila\\-d jai-5. T\\-eatme17ts
w e t - e arranged i n a h-andc:lmized blclck:: ‘des;ign repl lcated five timeç.
Cif te\\-
50 d a y s ctf CJI-C!kJth? the pla17t$ Wl2i-e hal-ve,sted. F’l dlltS tCtp5 Wi-i-E dl-- i t-d
and
w e i g h e d .
Nc~dulation was scril-ed :ta;-::ing into aecclunt t
h
e
number (NI? the
i ntei-nal.
CG 1 our
!C)
and
t h e
size
! S 1 cgf nctdci 1 es. T h e nodulat i o n inde:.
(Ncjd. 1
.
) was calcL~lateci a5 fiil low5 ‘:
Nod,. 1. I p.1 ;.: c ;.: :;
Nudule numbei- w a s t-ated CI\\~ a sca.le frc~m 0 (no n o d u l e ! tc; 3 !many n o d u l e s ! .
Nodu 1 e
inter-17al
c Cl 1 u LI Y-
~a.5 fr-ctm 0 (whi t e ) to 1 ! t-ed 1 c7vld ~~odctle s i ze wac,
from 1 (small nc~dule) tn 2 (big nodtile).
2 . 9 - Field inc~culatic~n
-. ..- ..-..-
-_ ti-ials
---<---.
cif
----“- ..-. bamb,3i-a_yl-clC(ndilLIt
-_<.-- _C_.__l_. -...._
_-..- ...< - ._.......” .._<< _ .._. -
TSl-ee e:.:pel-imel-lts wei-e ca\\-i-ied
clut i
n

l%35y 1984 and lSS7.
‘i-h e
e Xpei- i me17 t
w a s car-r-ied out at Bambey expel--ime\\Ïtal statici\\7 trainfall :
377min 1 .
T h e indigenous rhizobial p”pulaticln i n tht- f i e l d selected f o r - thi.5
w I:l ,-- c:.
i s 1 0 cowpra rhizclb ia/g of s o i 1 GIC; dt-ts\\-mly-ti-d b y p!ant i n f e c t i o n test
us i ng
Macroptilium
atrapurpureum I
TIÏe cul t itiai- V7L obtained fl-clm TcSgo was
used .
Appl ied
tr-eatmersts w e t - e : u\\linclculated, n o N ; uninaculated + 5 0
kg
N
(ut-ea 1 /ha
;
inoculated
w i t h
1, g
c4 f
six diffel-elit p e a t b a s e R h i z o b i u m
i n o c u l a :
Mr.tllgo li Bi?M 6318 .r T A L 1380 y GH 169 ? M A O 1 1 and M A O 2b. Randomi ztid
b 1 0 c 1::
design
w i t h
foui- replicateq was used. Thr slze o f each p l o t was 3~
and
2. lm
and
t h e
p 1 a \\-l t 5
wei-e
4 p a r: e d
b v
15 and 3 0 c m . Applicatioi-1 ;af
fl-iï-tj. 1 i iet-5 was 40 !-::g F’E?OS5: ‘ha a n d ii!0 I:y P:c:1 ,ka.
Siyty
d a y s
af tei-
planting y p 1. a il t s w (3 I-. e 5 a m p 1 P d foi- llc~dulat i o n y shc:o t ai-;c
,-rodule d r y w e i q h t s and i-lit\\-Luge17 cnnten~t. d e t e v- 171 i i ‘1 a i: i 0 t-1 .

---

3
. . . El I 2 -. E- :..
. p
.._ e
..__ I .. i.
-- m
-___._.. P I-I
- t
._,..__ I i.1
.“- C:I
.,. II cl
..-_...._ 4.2! .-i. -..t e d
.-. . ‘x- -Lm.?. -
iXUmpf2t l.tiVeÏIeS5 Of
Hhi.zcrbium
54 t I- a: i I-I c-,
MAO
118.
T A L 22., T GL. 1. c5 9 à I.-I d TA 1.
569
agaii-ist
1176 i g~i7OtlCi
Rhizobium
IÏtrnu17OflCIO~eSi:E.nCe method was ccçecl for
the
compet i t i veness s tudy . Fluc~\\-e~ct1\\7t ant ibctd ies ( F A 1 against T A L 22? TAL.
169
and
TAL
569
were supplied by Niftal prc~.j~ct, arid FR a g a i n s t M A O liF!
c4as
suppl ied
by D r . E . L . S C H M I D T from t h e un1versity of Mirtnesota? a t S t .
F’AUL .
Al1
f1ctc~I-escel-lt
ant ibadiec,
wst-e spec if ic . The experirnental desiq\\-5
i4a5
a
random i zed
cc~mplete blocC:: i17 which CV~. 74-l ai-Id 8 3 - 1 3 1 wei-e used *
Each
cultivar WaS
incculated e i th:ei- w i t h a rlngle 5 t i- a i 17 ck r a m i x tu r e il1 f:
5trairi5. Eaçh
3. 3om :<
i:) . ?(:!ITI
t-dei ved a
b 1 a\\TC:t? t
a p p l icaticln of &:l kg
PE20-,/ ha
a s
t r i p l e
sx~pEI.-phoBphat~
a 1-i d
7 2
k g
t::: 2 0 / h a
a 5
ii\\ClÏ iate
CT f
pu tash .
Rhizobium
5 t I- 2. i i-i5
0 i- a
mi x tut-e
o
f
Rhizbbium St\\-aine; were used
a s
1 ab 0 1-a t-0 Y-')'
made
p e a t
b a s e
i~cula~~t coritainirig
10e ce1 l.c;/g. The
m i x t u r e
contained
thE-
same
amount C:I~: t h e diffrr-ent St\\-ains included thcr
~w~culurn.
One
gram o
f
iix~culccin was placed i i - i t h e c,eed-hole at platitinq.
Cc.~1 t ivarc, wet-e planted at a spacirig of 3 O c m x 1L;cm.
I? F t e i-
6 0 days ci f g i- 0 w t h y rwdule occcipancy Y s h o o t arid ncldc.rle dl-y weigh ts,
Il i: t i- CI g 2 Il
and
phclsphclru,c, ccoriter\\t::. were d-termined. Cit hai-vert y Cji-aiil yield
~35 evaluated.
L II 9 -
Survey CI d isea-~~-~--on balmb,+i-‘q q\\~~oui7dl?c(t_.
Eambey~’ ai-id
N i CI r CI
experimental p 12, tc;
of
bambat-a groundnut were visi ted
periodical
ly
t 0
c;ee wethev- t h e r e i s ;ii3y direase. Farmers ficlds were aIsci
:/isi ted
Crilce
just
bef cl\\-e
f lower ing II D i seased sa.mp 1 es c~f L(ilC::nC~bJl7 Ctic,eai,e
4.q ~2 i- e
collected frclm e:;perimental
plot at Bambey. T
h
e

premiliminai-y
symptom
,.:t f
t.he
disease
is
wj thet-ing cif leaves wh i c h is genei-aldi-i/ob-?e~~~.~,ei-1 aftel-
3bou t
OilE
month
fIcI-om
5 CI w i nq .
The
lea\\.,es ?rtbsequent ly di-y nnd fijia 1. 1 1.y
i-~i?sLt 1 t I ng i 13 c CI mp 1 e 1; e d e a t h ~1 f - t; h E pi 1 a ~‘i t .
Ii1
order
to
f i IÏ d cl t.( t t h e c a LI 5. a 1 m i c 1 CI CI I - g a 11 1 s 21 CI f f-he ,A i spase
ic:.8:ilatictI,+.
VJi?i- E?
made
f I- ca m
t I-i E
i nfec ted
p l a n t earts OI-I F’otatcl DextrosiA g a r (pc:> j
ned i um
a s p e t - s t a n d a r d prclcedure. T’he pathogenlci t y test o f these isolatec-
WibS
cal-r ied
0 LI t
b y
i cocu 1 a t i r-19
3
weeks
0 1 d
seed 1 i ngs
of
tL'Jï2
varietiesviz,83-129 ai-id
8 3 - 1 3 0 .
T,wo pots o
f
eactt
var iety ~E:V-E! inoculated
wi th
t h e s p o r e s u s p e n s i o n o f each i’sctlate
w i t h t h e h e l p o f smnl 1 atomiser a
lJr\\inoc(~lated
pvst5 o f
each variet:y c;erwd acs cc~vtrcl 1 .
The pots were 1::ept
:VI t h e mclist chamber for 4 8 FIours aryd then tr-al\\sferred to gl.et!l-~house.
2 ,, 10 ..- E f f ec t
- <-..
CI
--.---- f
y p Hs.-~!~--tL:-_-,- g-r CI w t h

I- ct CI C:I f
I-VA j b
i-1 a
L( m b a
t
r a
.

---

Tr.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
21.1. -- Vdi-iet;y_
-
-
- ti-ials
-...__-__
Cgrc~nc~miïz
characteristics
0 f
tiie'
e1ghi;
;ultivar-s and thelr ccl:-relat ICLI~~
w i t h
y i e l d
are
shclwn i n
T a b l e s
4
ond
5.
Var iat ion5 were observed 117
i-espc~i-tses o
f
individual
CU 1 t i Var .
GI-~. i n
yieldc,
a t Nic\\ro wer-iz genei-a: !y
h igher
t h a n a t
Eambey
5 t. a t i CE n .
Thii is due tu higher rairtfall at Nicl;-c
( 532mm)
than
at Bambey (3GC~mm 1 . HC:IW~V~I- r grain yield was more thar1 1 t at
b a t h
s t a t ioric,.
A t
Bambey 7
the webght caf l(X) seeds c~nly was slgnificantly
col-r-eI ated
w i t h
t h e
,yield
whi 1.e at Ni.c~i-c!7
number and w e i g h t of p~ds ~:r~d
c,c-eds
were correlated w i t h the yiekd- II-I ccn~1usion7 ÇV. 7 9 - i was the bc3--,t
CI I-I e
PJ i t h
141$.4(1)
1:: g / 17 a
at
Eamb~y
and
1278.40 C::g;ha at Niol-cS stat;ica:i.
Hc~wevel- 7
a
s e c o n d
yea i-
test iG, iheeded
st tht- same s t a t i o n s and/or clthf:-
C;i teç.
Af ter
that >
0 i-le
- .-
u I
t w 0
CU 1 t i va.\\-s
w i l l b e
prLlpclst3d
f .z. ,.-
vi.11gc~risatioi-i.
Therefore7 1 t
i 5,
- -.--
i-itZ?cr-,5al-v to i
I
ni.tiate or tel continue tite
study
Cl l-l
p CI p u 1 a t i CI 13
d I=L i-1 5 i t y ca 1.
~I:?I-t i 1 i zat ion cif bambara gi-c~ci\\~dI?ut . Nani?~i,
and
w e i g h t of
t h r
p CI d s
and
seti?dç
and
the weight uf 100 secds see~~.t>ti
determinant
fol-
y i e l d
evaluatiui71
T h i s wclctld b e iinpcat-tant for a varict;;
impi-ovement program.
:3 .2 ‘- Responsiveness of' bambai- a
__-___
CI\\' C:I IJ ÏÏ d i-1 ~1. t
_l_-_._.l.__l_..__ _ .___,._.__ ._..__..._..... .._ .._.. .-. ...._._..__I___.-.... -.-.....
tc: ni trctgen ~IÏCI ~~hosc:hc!!-cl~. ,,
-.-... -... .- ._._._ --." .._..__- ._.._I_ ____. -___
..- _. 1__. ,. ,_ ._,_!
N 1 t 1'. Lt g e l-l
scrpp 1 i ed
at
2 C!
p 3 lïl
l'j 1 e..it~l il-Il-r-eased shilvt dry CJF'I~~ t of le:. ;_ j
'?$-- 1
and 83- 13 1 ( + 42% and 43X
?-pr;$ec t ii;@ 1 y ; . Howrveï- y f 0 I b c-1 t h c: Il 1. t 1 L' ci .- :< ~
there
w a s
II 0
difference
CII-I zhoc1.t dry w e i q h t s between 2~3 p p m ar-ad 1OQ CG:
ni trogen
a p p l i c a t i o n .
N i t i- 0 g e h
ct,liÏtt-nt and tcltal ni t\\-c~ge~~ we\\-e iricreasei-
f o r
b ca t h
cul t ivars
:
çupp 1 ies
&f
20 ppm N and 100 ppm N increased L!-I~
ni ti-ogen
content ca7 C'J. '77-i ( l'?X 'ai-ld 58% i-espectively! . FG\\- the culti +a.
83-13? !
--
the cclr-responding inci-easc, W~S 1 4 % and 7 3 % . There was I-ICI eTtect CI*
ni trogen fert i 1 i zer OIÏ phosphclrcts c:+\\ltt:rit for bo th cul t ivars.

---

- - - - - - ---.----._- -
Number per plant
Weight (g) per plan-c
Weight cg) CI?
Leaves
Stern
Pods
Seeds
Leaves
.-
Stern
-
Pods
Seeds
-
-
30 seeds
SC.75 z
9.25’ 3
11.75 a
12 .25 a
57.25 c
3.25 a
15.m a
15.25 a
71.75 bc
9.25 a
1.3 . 2 5 a
14.50 a
54.75 .z
â.25 a
i5.w a
15.75 a
92.YO a
13.5C 3
iC.75 a
13.00 a
79.25 ab
9 .75 a
14.25 a
15.00 a
ir -'z ^
9;"; _
-- c
lC?.25. a
19.75 a
52.03 bc
9.ccj a
18.OC a
:8.?5 a
9.25 bc
2.08 b
8.3Y a
6.68 a
iic,.A2 SC0
-.
.._
- - - - ~ ~ ~
- ~ - _ . - I _ - c - . - _

- .

_

_

_

_

_ _

_ ^

---

Table 5 : Agronomie characteristics of eight cultivar s of bambara groundnut at Nioro expérimental station.
--
_-_I__-.__-_-.- _~____ .--. -
Number per plant
Weight (g> per plant
Weight ig) of
Leaves
Stern
Pods
Seeds
LeCes
Stern
Pods
Seeds
100 seeds
68.50 a
3.75 a
15.50 a
17.50 a
6-1.25 d
14.00 a
2i.59 a
22.75 a
64.50 a
10.25 a
11.75 a
10.75 â
-. .-
3 1 . 'GV Ei
4.25 a
12.25 a
i3.GO d
52.75 a
3.75 a
iï.ûü a
ii.70 a
.=+Y *A‘" d
2. 3 . ==.- 2.i ü
*@;-WC .a
fc+, y.5 .a
.Y'.,r
.1
i4.25 2
13:GG a
15.30 ‘ï
’ _
7 i>
.._ 1
Y.35 a
icj .25 a
.i9.25 a
_ - . - - I _
- -
---
___~__-.--

- - - -

- - - - - - . . - -

--

C .

--.I-

-
-
-
-
with grair,
T] c
yield
G.04 -
ü~G3nS
0.38'
0. d
0.07nS
u.lSns
0.50S

---

T a b l e 6 .
E f f e c t o f nitrogen on shclclt d r y w e i g h t (SDW)? nitrogen (N%)
and
phoçphorus
(P%I
c o n t e n t T
total
17i trogen
and to ta1 phosphorus
contellts
0 f
bambara
graundnut
cvs.
79- 1
and 83-131. c u l t i v a t e d i n
pots.
._____.--_ .__- ..- ..___<._-_^ .._< - ._..,-.-.-. _--“_- .--. .--.-. .._ --
...” .--.-.- -. ..-_ ,..... - .--.-.. - ..-.-... .I_ -..-. ~ -.-.----_--.__ .-.
N a p p l .
SDW
Total N
T o t a l F’
Cul tiv.
-(eF_lL.
_(3
L!2.l.L-
-
-.-.%-
P%
- (mq/pl.
- - -
1
.^-
(lllq/pl.J
79- 1
(5
1 .57 b
3 . 0 il c
0.34 a
4’7 b
5b
20
2.23 a
3.F) b
0.34 a
8’7 a
8a
1 0 rj
2.E30 a
4.74 a
0 . 32 a
1 CHI)
a
8 a
83-131
tj
1 . 3:) b
3.24 a
0.38
a
48 c
5C
20
2.14 a
3.7~3 b
0 . 34 a
79 b
? a
1 tj cj
2.1.2 a
5.60 a
(2 . 3 0 a
117 a
6 b
T a b l e 7 .
E f f e c t o f phc~sphc~rus a\\-~ shoot d r y w e i g h t (SDW) ?ni trcagen (N%
and
phosphorus
(P%I
c o n t e n t s 7
tata1 n i trogen and t o t a l phosphcarus o f
bambara groundnut CV~.
7 9 - l and 83+13:1 c u l t i v a t e d i n p o t s .
.
. .
.
.
.._.. _._. -.I... ..--...-. ..<.._-. ..- _...“” ” ..-. ^ .__. _ .._._. <._.. -.._
N a p p l .
SDW
Total N
Total F’
&1
t i v .
-.-Q.?.EL.-
tcJ/‘pl . 1
N%
F“/
---..
. ..?-r.l
( lXlcJ/Jl-
-._--._
1 . 1
_--.-
- !mq/pl. 1
:79- 1
!j
1. ‘7’(:1 b
3 . 90 b
6 . 1 3 d
7 7 a
5 c
2 <j
2 . 1 2 a
3.64 a
0 . 2 6 c
74 a
5 c
4 0
2 . 1 7 a
3.78j a
0 . 40 b
8 5 a
9 b
9(:1
2 . 1 1 a
3.81i a
0 . 54 a
81 a
4 a
83-131
0
1 .86 ab
4. 14iab
0 s 13 d
78 c
2 b
20
2 . x a
4.27iab
0.24 c
92 a
5 c
4 0
2 . 0 2 d
4 . tjitja
0 . 3 9 b
83 b
8 b
6;:)
1 . 6 7
b
4 . 3+
0 . 6 0 a
72 d
10 a
_...
I
_
__
_
_.._._
,,.
.-.-
”
-..
..-
_
.-. <.. .-.. c .-.. --
..I._.. .-.. _. I.
..-.
._
-._ ._<. _._._<.. .._ I ___, __ _. _. _-. _ .._..

---

!
3 . 2 . 3 - I\\?teraction
.---.--_-I_- brtwe@n nil;~.clw-i
---.--.__---l_.-l-.. --I-
ai-id
---.- phclrphc~ru~
~ -5 ---- -_._._._ 3 *
( T a b l e 8)
There
was a
s i g n i f i c a t i v e iriteraftion
betwee1-l nitrogen and phosphclrus 017
c;ho o t
d r y
weight r
ni trogen
and
phclsphorus ccbntents, t o t a l n i troget-i a\\sc!
total
phc~sphc~rui o
f
bctth c u l t i v a ! - - ; . T h e increase o f t h e s e parametrr-s was
mo i-e
s i g n i f i c a t i v e
than
t h a t
obtai nsd w i t h 17i trogen or phosphorus
used
alDt1e.
2
3
-.
Im-i-c,viylq
X__I .
biclIoqlca1
---. .---X
.---.- \\-Ii
t\\-clqei-?~
-.---.--
fi:.:aticll2 cif bambara
---~-------.---------
qyou\\Ïd17~~~.
3 . 3 . 1 - Field varietal. ,çi-reening.
--.-.-_---- ..----..
At
Bambey
statioi7
cv.5.
33-127 z S!(d C a m e r o u n T Sarakawa 3 s Sarakawa 1Q and
L.assa
1
had
a R . E . b.ased 017 shoot d r y w e i g h t below 4 0 % ( F i g . 2) while a t
N i 0 I- CI
s t a t iork,
a11
cu 1 t i vai-s
ha4
t h e
same
F:.E. civet- 4 0 % ( F i g . 3). fit
l?ambey
5 t a t i CI il y
only
cul t ivar
S#lrakawa
1 0 h a d a R.E. b a s e d o n rout dl-b?
weight
b e 10 w
50% ; a t. N i 0 Y- CI 5 ta t i Qn 5 a11 cultivars h a d the same R.E. ovei-
50%.
R e l a t i v e
Ef f ec t i bdeness
based UI-I 17crdule d r y w e i g h t was much lower c!t
Eambey
than
a t
N i GI- CI : i t w as i n t h e r a n g e o f 80-120X ai; E a m b e y f o r cvz,
83-131 r
Ketao 3 ,
Rlhlzride 1 Y
L-ASSd
1
and L a s s a 4 and i n t h e r a n g e o f
360-460% a t Nicira fc:r cvs. 83-129, ‘83-131 Y S u d C a m e r o u n , Sarakawa 2 , Ketao
97
V 2 and 8 5 0 0 2 .
R e l a t i v e Effeckiveness b a s e d 817 shoot nitrogen c o n t e n t
Wd5
cg vei-
50%
fcll-
dl1
çul t ivars
except f o r c v . Awandjelo 1 .at E a m b e y
s t a t i o n .
These
resul ts
indlca’ked
t h a t
E/mbey
a\\Îd
N i CI I- CI
rhizobial p CI p u 1 a t i ct 1‘:
establ ished
a moderately e f f e c t i v e symbicasis w i t h the cultivars of bainbai-.?
grclundnu t
used .
AiïK~l-ig
the:ïe
cultivars,
12
grew
bette\\- a
t
b CI t h
t h c
l o c a t i o n s
wi thchut
ni tragen
fertilizer ( T a b l e $1 i:7dicatilig their tibilii;,
tct s e t a n e f f e c t i v e S~iT:t3iCisis il-i the twcl differel-\\t f i e l d c o n d i t i o n s .
These
obsei-vat ions
indirated a
’

screeening0 f
5 u \\-
bambara
g\\-ouijd~~i~.+.
qermp lasm
f o r
1 2
1 i 1x5
c a p a b l e ilf forming most e f f e c t i v e symbi’osis witP,
sL\\i t a b l e
Rh i zchium
sti-ains.
Tlfïey
Will b
e
inoculated
with
stl-ailIk.
içolated

a
t
hambey
and Niuro wherie t h e y h a d a n e f f e c t i v e symbiosis a s ar
a t t e m p t to improve t h e i t - performalx$ where t h e y y i e l d poorly.
3 . 3 . 2 - -
Effet t ivenesc
-~-.--I----I.- o f
i rld i q_e~; us
..---..-- - - - - -
Rh i ~oh i um
stw.,ains
ics lated
.-..q ---I- “.” -.-.-. - * -..-.-- z -..- --.“- _-.___I_____. ‘.-.-.-..-_i---.
f-\\-l-,,;
-..._.._. -.-._ -.-__ 2’
b a m b a
---_,.r a
.._-._ “_ yl-oundnut n
-_-----...-- o
.i. d u
.-. l e
-_<._ s .
&ambara
grc~undnut
CU 1 t i Var-s samp 1 qd were mode\\-ately nodulated on bcith thr
t “P
and
latei-a1 fcoots. Marly nisdu 19s appeat-ed tu be e f f e c t i v e as indicated
by
i n t e r n a 1
c Cl 1 0 u 1- .
Th ii- ty
5ne
isolates
wei-e
SO obtained (1, to I,, .
f i g . 3). The isolates were slow g140wing a,id formed small (diametel- ~~lrnm! .
d I- y
c Cl 1 i’l 1 I 1 42s
5 l-l
y ï&- ,3. cj 1;
irldl3l~ i t-0 1
/
ag>at- .
F CI u I-
i~solates (IeY I1,? I,, Ft!iJ
1 >,C> 1
WC')- E'
1 nc 1. ctded
1 I’l
LJi:!s 1;
A fi I 1 \\:'. ;-i
MI RCEN
i M;So :t
Rhizobium
i.: I I 1 t c( 1.. r

---

---

t

---

i-, .-
n ._ ,
i .::, i
:‘)

---

îablr 9 : Shoclt dry weight !gilO plants) 0.f the performed cultivars of bambara groundnut. in fielà at
:Iürn br J' and Kiora experimental stations.
','a: ue s followea by the same letter in each column do not differ significantly at the 0.05 ?evei b)
DUNCAK's multiple range test (1955).

---

:.,
711 .l
t:,PCcill~..e
i t i 5 f I- ce ITI S ç:x iÏ fcc C] 3. 1 3lli/
1 t;
VXpCi- tmr1Ïtd1 stdt iclnz,
These l-;olat ;i
121 di.ld MAO 126 r e s p e c t I vely (Fiy .,
3.3.3 -.. Evaluaticlrr
..--_--.--_
of
__--_-_,___ ha=t
_.._..._.. -
cultivai-
-7(...----..---..- -._. L..
R h i z o b i u m
strains
I-tc,ed
Wf3Ï”e cç~frl~:
the
niCl5t
promisinq
C t-1 1 t i v 5. i- 32
0 f
val- i e t a l
screer7i17y.
Nodu 1 es
WC?Y-E
211
plants except cc~ntrols w h i c h c
the
isf f ec t i veness
val- iPd q:-est Iv
113
-1 nd
MAO i 1.8 e::hibl ted-effecti
respef.: t i ve 1 y
whi le
5trains
T A L C
five.
f OUI-
and
thi-C?E
(-~(l.~i\\,*~~y-cz;
e f f e c t i v e
0 n
C V .
8 3 - 1 3 1
e 1.: L e p t
nodulatict\\~.
Al 1
Rh i zob ium
‘= t ,- c, j, I”it
3 .
Simi larly,
Rhizúbium
5traàns
MAO 1.1.3 and MACI 1 18 were i neffec t ive C!i-
cv ”
v2
while strdi.1~5 TGL 2 2 , TAL- PS? and T A L
569 were partiallu effecti%,t
0 Il
th is
c u l t i v a i - .
Strain5
MAO
!l13 and T A L ih9 wei-e i n e f f e c t i v e CI~ cv.~.
ii w a )l d .! e 1 cl
1.
and
83-129 respectikely
; straii? M A O 1 1 8 WaS i n e f f e c t i v e CI~-
c ‘JS .
Awa\\ld je10 1 Y Lassa 3 ai?d 'JC-- k str-ain T A L 5bS was ineffective CII-I CV.~;.
k’ e t a Cl
2 y
Alheride
i
ai?Ci
Lassa 3 .
S t i- d i 17
T A L 22 pr-esented t h e widest
rffectivervsss
5pectruin : i t
W a 53
f u l l y
e f f e c t i v e
OrI 42x and pab-tial 1’;
ef fec t, i v61
0 1-i
58’1:
CI f
dl 1
cultivât-s stctdied? fol lC(wed by strain M A O 1 1 3 .
These
rf.?su 1 ts
indicatxd
t h a t
p1.+mt
genotype h a d a n i m p o r t a n t effet t cri-
nndulation af bambara g~rc~undnut .
:
M a Il y
Cl f
stcrdies
i- te p CI 11 t e d
0 n
p .l rAIIf;
geno type
X
Rh i zab ium
5; t \\- a 1 !-
1iiterdct ion5
indicated
d i ffereriçe+
between cul tivars o
f
the same sprciec
i 1-1
at-!il~.ti-y ti-1 fix r?itrc~gen Ltsi\\Ïg fi7tr-cIdc\\cEd rhixobial strain%. Et-cause 1 t
1 5
d I f f i c I..I. 1 t
t 0
1. l-i t ï- C.'* cl I..L c c.2
a nd
425 t a12 1. i 5k.
I-I E' kJ
Rhizcjbium
5 t; )- 2% i j-, 5;
1 : -, !: ,:
fields
c:c~ntaining indigericIi.ri; 5trailFs !ErocI.wel 1 ~
15789 I, : i t isimpur tant t -
1 50 1 .F< t: E
compet i tiit i ve
3, i? d 3 d .FI p 5 P d 5 t I- a 1 YI 5 $ w h i c h cai~ nodi..~late e f f e c t i v e : ,
ili3 5 t
cul. t 1 L/a\\i-",
aven t:hesc ~straiïic;~ a r e ~-ictt widely dlstributed 1 i7 tk;E? Sii i 1 .
Inc;te;-d
0 f
intr-oduc i IJ:~
YÏf?W
Rhizbbium
t h e
isolated
adap ted
R h i z o b i u m
strairi5
ma y
b e
I- e - i I-I t. Y CI d LI c !z d
in j ma55
i 17 t ci
t h e
f i e l d 50 ttiey cclfrlp~t~
agai 1-15 t
i nd i ge\\xus
sti-ai.115
wh ich 41-e 1 ess numerous I OUÏ reE;ul t5 shcgw that
a1 1.
Rhizabium
5 t r a i i 7 5
i I-II:: 1 ud i Ibq
ir7troduced
Et Ïi d
1 \\Id igericIus
s t r a i I-I E
\\lodu 161 tt’d
a1 1 cul t ivar5.
When t h e
kost a\\Ïd r-hi zobial sti-ains wei-e arrange::
i n
a \\r’
i. ncreas i )Tg
01-cl~3r of effeç t , i veness,
0 ne
i ri d i g e no CI c, s t I- a i n ~ MAO 1 ;3.
cxh ib i ted
t h e h i g h e s t e f f e c t i v e as&ociation w i t h t h e caltivar~. Thel~efoi-e.
5 t I- a i 1-8
MAO
113
i5
e:-:l)ecteJ tc.1 y !v e b e t t e I- 1-1 1 t I-- CI g E^’ I--I f ixatio\\l urIdE?\\- f 1elc
cclnd i t. icarls.

---

1

(
mg

W/ElGHT

ORY
SHOOT
113
121
126
MAO
MAO 118
MAO
MAO
11
21
3t
CONTROL
Il
12
I3
IL
15
‘6
I7
55
I9
1 10
1
Il2 1,3
1 14
Il5
1 16
1 17
Il0
Il9
120
1
I22
123
I2L
‘25
I26
‘27
I28
I29
I30
1

---

:

-.. .,
:_
,Y
.._
.

;:
.
, I f
15
j

c
‘? 2
z 0
3
/
:

<.
.

:
.

1.


.~
-

.


.,
I

7:
*.:
-.

<.

.
1’
_





,.
i
2:

i:


.

‘.

_


_’
:,;
.


.

I
T
.

.::
<.
3

.
~
‘.




,..
.
.


.
‘-,

c
.

.
.

.
:

:
.
;


.

.
.‘
’
.,
_
.<
.
;;
_
.

11
.

,.
,.
;
;


i
i
:

,a



‘,
<.
._
-:
.

.
.
i.



.’
_.



.

-1
I.
i:
:
c-
.--
CT
.
_,
p:
!L
.

<,,
.
:
..
(‘ .
.c
.

.4
:



1

I


.

-.
-z
7.
),
::
_-.
,i
-.
-~
:~.
:
.

---

l
!
I
/
/
i Il.1
2
i
1
I
I
‘1.‘3.‘1. 1 * E ;: p e! . 1 iÏïiET- ï-1 t CI 0 i-id L.I iI 1: -ii i. 1-i 1 YC 2
_._ -. -_-.. .._..^. ._.._<. ..-_ -. _. ._ .__-..
._ ._-_. _.
_. 2. .._ .--.. "
1
-r t.1 i2 ,- ti 3 c~ 1. t 5 cl ,f t h i 5 ES L p E: I- 1 IÏI P I -1 t. Gt i- E &~CI
_i
v-J 17 in 1.ablr.z 11.
Appi.eciable
r-espûnse;
t :CI
I :-,ûcc~la.t/icth
were
cabtained 1rl s h o o t dry weiyht
witt-1 str-ain EAM 516 C inc(-case of iGc)X> I
in ncldule dry weight with strains
t~ungo ?
RAM 5 18 and FIA0 26 ! i ncreasi’s cl f ‘?5% , 100X T 73X respect i vt? 1 y 1 and i 1”)
ni troyen
Coi7t ent
w i t h
5t i" a 1 l-i ‘2
B M
518.
4
TAI-
13ôcj ?
M A O
i 1 and MAO 25
( increase o f
27%.
3’9% 7
2 4 %
and j 17%
respectivelyj.
1ncrea;e i n t o t a l
ni trclqen was clbtained w.i th ~trains &AM 618 (+ 207%)
ai-id MAO 11 ! + 135%) .
From
thc?se
resultsp
it is apparenl/ that bambat-a g\\-ctuiJd\\2ut cv. V2 i-Fquii-.ed
d i?
il.lcrculaticln
wi th
5Liit3.l) ii2
Rhtzubium
z,train
~C)I- adequate na d il 1 a t 1. C:l 1-1
and nitrogen f i x a t i o n ii3 zcai 1 . used,
3 . 3 . 4 . 2 .
E%~eriment i:ond~Icted 1. Ii lSEj6
_-___-__-__ ___.._..__.<.. .-.-.-...-.. _._. ._..-. -_" . .._ /.--- *
1
!
The r-esul ts o f this experimt:nt a r e $hown i n T a b l e 1 2 .
c; i- a i il
yi.elds
were
a 1 way5
lower :at
D j i b e 1 cl I-
than
a t
Sinthiciu Maleme
pi-obably
b e c a u s e o f
t h e
lower
qertility
cif
17 i i b $2 10 i-
soi 1
w h i c h if-
reflected b y
i t s
low p H
and
13W
a v a i l a b l e
12 L c o n t e n t .
At Dj ibelor I
Inoculatictn o f c v .
79-- 1
with
5 rains M A O 1 1 3 and T A L 55’7 s i g n i f i c a n t l y
1$
resulted
i i-i
8 3
ai-id
6 5
percent
y i e l d
i ncrease
CI ver-
t h e uninc~culated
t i- e a t 13 e 1-1 t;
but
t h e
yield increast ictv-r
tkIE! N-fertili zed treatment wa~ i3ot
siqnif icdnt.
1 no c u 1 a t i 0 17
d i d
Ill3 t : a f f e c t
t h e
y i e l d of c v . 8 3 - 1 3 1 . At
S i ïl t h i cl C.I
ME? 1 em L ,
i ri CI C 1.1 1 ~3 '!; i 0 1-i
of ii:ul t ivai-s
‘t79--1 and 8 3 - 1 3 1 with R h i z o b i u m
5 ti- a i n
T A L 2 2
i-e5C.l1 tr?J
i fi
a
5[+ and 58 pei-cent y i e l d increase over the
UI-~inc~culated
tîeatment.
whc?I-ea5
tire citrrezpclnd i ng y i e l d increast7 over thr
rd
t r e a t m e n t
WdC;
5~:) a ,-, d 2-Ti percenI/ respect ively.
Inoeulatic~n wi th strains
MAO
113
and
M A O
118
s i g n i f icaii+/ly
increassjed (+ 51 ai-id 4
2
percent) the
yield i-f cv. 83-131 over t h e crninoci’lated t r e a t m e n t .
j
3 . 3 s 4 y 3 . E&.ei- i rnellt___--!L(C-_-...-~.!L19~-~. !
E;alnbar'a
qr-c~Lli~d\\-lC~t
ncldu 1 e
C~CC:.Ipdi7C~ :y
,3 i-id
g r a 1 l-l
y i e 1 d
foi-
c 'b, 5 . Y$--1 .a\\-,r:
ô3-131 ai-e shown i;l Tab:les 13 ai-id
1’
\\-espectivel;;.
!= 81’ ,-
b SC* t h
c~tl t ivars . .
i-lrid~! lt*r: of
i
I-KII;
i!-ic8cL(late<ij pl,ant;- cCli’ii;;~ji\\-~<~t:j
ind 1 g12ni':':
R h i z o b i u m
0 il 1. y .
No d 1.1 1 E? 5
CI 1'
r I 1. a 17 t; 51
i rii:t C 1.I 1 a 1; ecj
~q 3 (y fy
p i t t-1 e?ï-‘
5 1: j .. .a i I I t? HC3
1 1 ô ~
s t i - a i I-I
T A L
227
sti-a.in
T?>L.
lS9 !Cil-
ktt-a in TAL. 569 cclntained
i ~-ICI i qenous
R h i z o b i u m
:-,trainc,
ai-id ,'cg I"
t. h e
Rhjzobium
i t i - a i \\-.I
u-;ed
a 5
i 1Ïi:l c u 1. an t s
1 r.
a11
CaSeS 7
R h i z o b i u m
zti-a i nc
MAq
1 1.8y
TAL.
22
and
TAL- 569 were moi-e
ccimpetit ive
t h a n
t h e
ind i q~n~~us
qtrairis wh i ch were mur-e compet i t ive thai-.
strain T A L l&S.
,
W h e n
t h e
inc8culant wac a mi .:turE c'f isti-air:c,,two cz,traians
wei-e
t
5’ CI LI nd
i 11
t t-1 $1,
I-I CI d u 1 e c.
0 111 y
e v e n i f
thp tilclcul
i2t crontaii7ed moi-e thar1 two i;ti-airis. F:s:
b a t h
cultiv3r5:
c,train M A O
1 1 6 9 CAS mare irompetitive fclllclwed b y sti-aii3r
'TAL 559 and TAL 22 respectikely.
LJhile
inoculation did net af-fec:t ttie grain yl~-ld of cv.
ô 3 - 1 3 1 ( T a b l e 14;::
LV.
‘79~- 1
s i (3 II i f i c di-i t 1 y
i-espcbrided ito
/
inoc-crlat i ot-i wi th 5ti-ain 1.Gi.. 2’2 :
t t -, c
y i e l d
i ncreãse
PJ a 5
1 C>C~%
CI Ve 1‘
tt e
unii7i:lCuldtiTd
t Ïeatmant .
T h i s
d F: t <
i
i:onfirmed
the
resrtl ts
CI t-i t l L I1fJl.l
'i Il
t h e
e:.:pi2;- i m-lit L-CkiId[..(C tl=ïl i '-: 1 YG, .a i
1
!

---

f-’
..l
f-
.: . ..

---

T a b l e 1 2 .
Effect
of N
fer-tiliization QI- inc~culatic~n w i th Rhizubium
strains MAO
113,
MAO 118, TAL 427 J A L 169 a\\Jd T A L ’ 5 6 9 ~117 g r a i n y i e l d
0 f
f ield-grouwn bambara groundnu$ CV~.
7 9 - l and 8 3 - 1 3 1 at Djibelor and
Sinthic~u M a l e m e experi.mental statijons.
i..
._ ..-.
.
..-.
._ ..-..- ..._.I.._ _..“_. .I ..__ -
G I-
l.-_l ‘ i n
-- y i e l d
---. !q/lC) p lants)
~-
TreatmeIÏt:s---
D .j-: 1 0 I
-
Sinthictu Maleme
~
_ -. _ _. ._ _
I-.-- _
- - -
79- 1
Uninacul .
45.1q
d
104 . 89
d
N-Fer t i 1 .
6 0 . 2 ” a b c d
iv4 . 9ES
d
MAO 113
7 4 . 4
3 a b
1 2 3 . 2 3 b c d
MAO 118
6 5 . cjc abcd
1
12?.35 a b c d
T A L 2 2
57.2~1,’ b c d
1 5 7 . 6 2 a b c
T A L 1 6 9
60. 18! abcd
1 1 8 . 0 7 c d
T A L 5 6 9
82.581 a
131.11. abcd
83-131
Unincicul.
60. 48i abcd
1 C! 8 . 0 EI
d
N-Fer t i 1.
62.49! a b c d
1 3 4 . 4 9 a b c d
MAO 113
6 8 . 8 9 abç
1 6 3 . 5 5 ab
MAO 118
45). 35: i
d
1 5 3 . 5 9 abc
T A L 2 2
!%).48j
bcd
170 . 65 a
T A L 1 6 9
51.79j b c d
144.07 abcd
JAL 569
69 . (1) 1, abç
1 4 1 . 9 2 abcd
_. _ .._. -. ._-..
.
..” .__,_ _ ._ _ _
j
<.
-.-.<-. .< .I.-... ._ .___
1
At
each
lucation,values fo1lc~wedj b) the same letter do xlt
difft-r a
t
t h e
(j . (j5
level by Dui~ca~-I’.:: m u l t i p l e r a n g e t e s t
( 1 9 5 5 ) .
/

---

Table2 : Nodule occupeney and grain yleld oî bambara groundnut cv 79-l inoculeted with Rhizobium Strains MAO 118. TAL 22. TAL iOY,
TAL 569 at Sinthiou MalPme experimental station.
Single Occupancy of nodules f%)*
Multiple Occupanr~~
CrFiin Yiold
Indigenous
OI- Nodules (Z)
(kg/ha)
Treatements
Strains (1s)
MAo 118
TAL 22
-
TAL 169-
TAL 569
Non inoculated
1M)
0
0
0
0
0
1654.20
c
MAO 118
15 (+ 25)
60 (+25)
0
0
0
25 (MA~ 118 + 1s)
3062.60 abc
TAL 22
20 (+ 35)
0
45 (+351 0
0
35 (TAL 22
+ 1s)
4345.60 a
TAL 169
50 (+ 10)
0
0
40 (*lO)
0
10 (TAL 169 + 1.S)
2766.40 abc
TAL 569
3-l
0
0
0
53
0
jj9E.10
aoc
NA0 118 ?? TAL 22
0
5 0 (+30)
20 (+30) 0
0
30 (MAO 118 ?? TAL 22)
1494.00
c
MAO 118 + TAL 169
0
5 8 (+28)
0
14 (+28)
0
28 (HA0 118 ?? TAL 169)
2235.10 bc
MAO 118 . TAL 569
0
27 (+13)
0
0
60 (+13)
13 (MAO 118 + TAL.569)
3222.50 abc
TAL 22
+ TAL 169
0
0
15 (+85) cl
0
85 (TAL 22
* TAL 169)
283F.70 abc
TAL 22
?? TAL 569
0
0
15 (+27) 0
58(*27)
2 7 (TAL 2 2
* TAL 569
3022.40 abc
TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
0
18 (+21) 0
51 (*21)
21 (TAL 169 +*TAL 569
2856.20 abc
MAO 118 + TAL 22 + TAL 169
0
4 0 (+40)
13 (+40) 7
0
&G {MAO il8 - TAL 22)
L886.30 abc
.....-tIALu&2JhL22e
r TALs!L ^___. ..- ,...
0
8__(+?0) _^
2
___-- _-,, __
_
0
__ _
20 (+70)
70 (MAO 118 ?? TAL 5691
2524.20 abc
- - “ - ^ . l ^ . ~ - - - - _ l _ - . ^ _ - _ _ _ -

. . _ _
- - _ - _
l ^ - - l ,
-----.--- -..-.-.-..-
-.
I... .._ -_” .-__^_
MAO 118 + TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
10 (+67)
0
3
20 (+67)
67 (MAO il8 + TAL 569)
2252.40 bc
TAL 22 + TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
0
10 (+30)
7
53 (+30)
30 (TAL 22
4006.50 ab
?? TAL 569)
MAO 118 + TAL 22 . TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
8 (+70)
0
0
22 (*701
70 (MAO 118
4241.10 ab
??TAL 569)
?? : In brackere and preceded by +
sign : percentage of multfple occupancy of nodules which is equelly reported in the lsst column vith the
responsable Rhizobium etrsins.
In "Grain, yield tolumn",' values followed by the same letter do not differ signiftcantly st the 0.05 level by Duncen's multicle range tee:
(1955).

---

Table 14 : Nodule occupancy and grain yield of bambara groundnut cv 83-131 inoculated with Hhizobium
MA:I 118. TAL 22. TAL lb'). 'IAL .>bri
-
-
-
at Sinthiou MalGme experimentsl station.
~-___l_l .-... -._-
Single Occupancy of nodules (Xl'
Multiple Occupancy
Grain yield
Indigenous
of Nodules (X)
(kg/ha)
Treatments
strains (1s)
MAO 118
TAL 22
TAL 169
TAL 569
Non lnoculeted
100
0
0
0
0
0
1945.80
B
MAO Il8
20 (+18)
62 C.18)
0
0
0
18 (MAO 118 + 1s)
2899.20
a
TAL 22
15 1*41)
0
44 (+41)
0
0
41 (TAL 22 * 1s)
1995.80
8
TAL 169
41 (+39)
0
0
20 (+39)
0
39 (TAL 169 + 1s)
2126.90
a
TAL 569
38 (+20)
0
0
0
42 (*20)
2 0 (TAL 569 + 1s)
1785.20
a
MAO 118 + TAL 22
0
54 (+23)
23 (+23)
0
0
23 (MAO 118 + TAL 22)
2685.60
a
MAO 118 ?? TAL 169
0
56 (+lg)
0
25 (*19)
0
21 (MAO 118 + TAL i6g)
2389.20
a
MAO 118 + TAL 569
0
50 (+lO)
0
0
40 (+lO)
10 (MAO 118 + TAL 569)
2902.40
a
TAL 22 + TAL 169
0
0
0
0
0
100 (TAL 22
+ TAL 169)
.
3118.80
a
TAL 22 ?? TAL 569
0
0
20 (+29)
0
51 (*29)
2 9 (TAL 22
+ TAL 569)
2554.00
a
TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
0
0
20 (*27)
53 (~27)
27 (TAL 169 * TAL 569)
2787.70
a
-...I-_-.-_.- . --. _._ -.-. . .
..-ulremult..raL..~-.

_. .._.. ._
Q.. ._ .I. ._ . ._ ..__ -A.L&CLL.... -2LLtJQL .2. ._ _-.._ ..Q-.- _ .-
.3Q11EL4a_lti.-'~w-z.2~
..m._ A..-- ..___ _._- _.._._ ---- . . - ..___ _- --.. -
MAO 118 + TAL 22 + TAL 569
0
20 (+65)
5
0
10
65 (MAO 118 + TAL 569)
3105.80
a
HA0 118 ??TAL 169 ?? TAL 569
0
18 (+70)
0
0
12 (+70)
7 0 (MAO 118
2347.90
a
??TAL
569)
TAL 22 + TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
0
13 (+401
7
40 (*40)
40 (TAL 22
+ TAL 569)
2741.20
a
Mû 116 + TAL 22 + TAL 169 + TAL 569
0
i8 (+72;
0
0
10 (*72)
72 (MAO 118 . 'Ï-AL 569;
3217.:~ E<
?? : In brackets and preceded by .
sign : percentage of nu:tiple occupancy of nodulees which is equally reported in the last column with the
rospzsable Rhizobium strains.
In "Grain yield column". values followed by the same letter do not difîer significantly at the 0.05 level by Duncsn's multiple range test
(1955).

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:t . CONCLUS ION.
I

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/’
/’
/’
d
F i g . 5 Shoot and root.
r y w e i g h t s o f b . ,qroundnut c v . 79-1
cultivated i n
t s at d i f f e r e n t pH l e v e l s .
.

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u1..1clncrt
:
i t s mc~ r p t-r CI 1 0 g 5’ .
c u 1 t. i.( I P <:i ; ‘1
I.S.
Thesis,
U n i v e r s i t y o f
Florida,

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---

1
,
/
/
!
[
!
I
!
/
!
,
!
l
I
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

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1 .
FTogr-anme
training
l‘Jd5
n o t
c ï uded
i n the gi-ant.EL.1 t. a ccll75u 1 t C?!l t
.vi5i t
WCtS
h e l d
dui-i\\7g t h e r;ecc~nd
car of th e p r o ject. CGlÏSUl t dllt (rJdS E!1- .
EORDELEAU,
L . M .
f rcrm
Cari ad ii
Ag 1-
ul turc.
H e m a d e some c~bservationr, s.nd
s u g g e s t i o n s a s
i n d i c a t e d b y
Dr .
SOMIVSEGARAN~ F:‘. frcim NifTAL prc~ject i
n
Hawaii,
U S A previuusly ~ppointed
a s
c o n s u l t a n t fcsr t h e grant.
2 .
NfX3 a u d i t
mi5sion
supervïsed
by
Ms.
J o y c e
FREELAND i n s p e c t e d t:htz
p r o ject i n 1786. M s . FRErELAND g a v e I ml- cc~ncl~~sic~ns to NAS.

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APPENDIX 4 : Grant I;-ta f f
Tl-lf?
f o l lowinq
staff
1devo 1;ed
t;hEb percentage cgf t h e wc~rk t i m r indicateû
below ta r-esearch undei- t
h
e

g\\-ant. j
Ndiaga
CISSE
Ereeder
:
30%
D . G .
GA 1 KWAD
( * 1
F’athc~logist I
3Cl%
Mamadou
GUEYE
Micrc~bic~log~.st
60%
Uumar TOURE
Technician
100%
(*j
:
D . G . GAIKWAD replaced Demba! F, MBAYE because D .G. GAIKWAD works fui-
1 egume
pathology
programme
whet-eb\\s
D e m b a F .
M E A Y E works
for
c e r e a l
pathû logy p r o g r a m m e acccfrdi ng to IS&A s t a f f .

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