"IN SITU" DEGRADATION OF RESSOURCES FOR...
"IN SITU" DEGRADATION OF RESSOURCES
FOR ANIMAL FEEDING :
EV~ALUATION OF THE NYLON DAG TBCHIJIQUE
Dr Safldtou T, FALL
!<ith tëchnical assist:mce of B, DIAW
REF. N"67/AL. NUT,
AOUT 1986.
Thc nylon bag mcthod i s :L mari f o r
evaluat ion of
nutrients availability i n the rummz.
Flvc grams o f
dried, a-nd p-ound rice straw, i n & n y l o n bag,
are incubatcd i n t h e rumcn f o r 24: 4 8 a n d 72 heurs,
Rmoved bags XYJ w a s h e d a n d ovcn d r i e d at 80c'Cc The pcrccn 1
tages o f d r y matter and citll wnll d f s a p p e a r a n c c r e p r c s c n t s ES--
p c c t î v e l y d r y matter a n d NDF dczradabîlity i n t h e rumen.
P o r e sizë o f n y l o n material h a d a significant (PS 0,05)
i n f l u e n c e o n drv rmttêr 2nd c a l . 1 tira11 dcgrsdabilityC This i n -
f l u e n c e w~is IILJL 3+IlGIi;lLIIL (?a ü,O5) a 7 2 h o u r s o f i n c u b a t i o n .
T h c l e s t limîted t‘hL? c o n t r i b u t i o n o f b a g s t o tht7 gastri,c
motilitj,
iii0 ii'Lr~in~~lice o
n
rlti:riunt dogradabilfty h3s been
ncgat iv;: 0
The b a g s i z e h a d n o effect o n nutriênt degradability”
A good q u a l i t y f o r a g e wi.th cnergetic a n d nitrogen suppleVa
m e n t i s required,
DèLradabilfty of riez strew nutrients havë bccn si.pniflc;sr,~
tiy hj.ghL?r wîth the diet bascd on peanut hrzulms than with the
composcd Giet based on sorhhun, Pcanut cake and peanut shell"
T~IC bctween anim.?+ls and tri,2ls differenccs recordcd bave
been si,gffîcant,
Anim:il havc net to be lcss than tree animal a single bzg
crin bc încubated per incubntion time, with one repétftion tria1
Per sample ta h.zve 3 relisblc m~~?n.
The cffect of pepsine Post rumen incubation trc?trnrnt hzve
Ilot becn significant,
Ce11 wall and dry mattcr degradability of ricê struw was
good.
148 hours incubation dcgradability of rice strûw nnd in vive
results
hnve flot bccn diffzrent,
Keywords : nylon bag technîquc ; variation factors 3 in "sftui3
degradation of nutrisnts ; dry matter and ce11 wall rumen
degredabilîty of rîce straw,
1' INTRODUCTIO?4
Thc: digestion stud21 is ;In iii1portan.t
stGp in thz proccss
.
of nutritive velue evaluatior: of feedstuffs.
Cheinical antilÿsis dcteri2ines thz quantity of nutrïclnts in
the fvedstuffs: but doesïnt Givi-" înforml:ti.ons about their avai-,
lability.
In vitro techniques are casier and less expensivc than in
vivo ai?d in sltu methods f but thcy don't rcally reflect the
digestive utilisation of fcedstuffs.
The nylon bag method is a technique for measurement of thé
kinetic of in situ nutrients
degradation in the rumenti
It gives informations about potentfally degradable fraction
of nutrients 2nd itFs degradation rate.
This niethod cari evaluate the availabîlfty of nutricnts and
completc bromatological analysis=
Sfnce the initial sîlk 'b;?g of Quin et nl in 1938, many
methodolo{;îcal
studfes about nylon bag have becn c~~rried out
(RODRIG~JIG 1968, CRENOST 1970, >WiRI-;Z et al, 1977, KEXPTON 1980;
UDEN and VAN SOEST 1984, SAUVANT et al. 1981;). Many rcscarch
tcainshavc împroved thc accuracy of the technîque.
Efforts of standnrdfzation a.nd comparision wfth rclated
methods are contlnufng.
Howv~p, ;A lîtter%turc ruvîew shows a great variety of mite-.,
rie1 used and experimental procedure from a laboratorie to ano,~
ther (sec table l),
The afm of this mcthological study is to adjust thc nylon
bag technique in our labor%torîe
nnd to check differents factors
of variation,
ose /
ooc
Table 1 : Bibliographical
variations of cxperirwntal conditions
- z - d . . -
-
-
-
--.-..
!
t
1
!
1
1
.
to
Authors
!
Pore sizc 1
Snmple
;
Scrcen
I
Bag size !
Samplo/
bag :;izc
!
1
IJ
1
size
;
ml2
!
Cl?
1
:
!
e
I
!
i
mg/ cIri2
!
!
. .-m-
L
'-T------- 1
!
--- *i
!
"------i
- -
'i VAN KEUREN 1962
1
-
10
! .5,1 x Ii.,4
86,O
!
1
1
1 PLAYFIE 1978
!
3
i
6 x 6
4137
!
1 PLAYNE 1978
t
6
1
6 x 12
41,7
I
!
!
! PLilYNE 1978
!
9
!
6 x 18
41,7
1
!
I FIGROID 1972
i
-
10
1 10,2 x 17,8
27,5
f
!
!
! MEHREX 1977
!
5
1
17,x 9
16,3
1
f
!
i JAILEY 1962
5
! 10,2 x 15,2
16,l
!
1 DEMARQUILLY 1969
t
!
3
!
15 x 7
14,3
1
1
! AEFiTS 1976
i
3
!
1S x 8
12,5
1
!
!
! 'k HfmlS 1972
!
2
!
15 x 15
494
t r
!
f ISTASSE ét al. 1981 !
50
2
I
6 x 7
23,3
!
!
i CXSKOV 1980
1
12
3
2,s à 3
!
14 x 9
11,9
!
1
! LOERCli 1983
!
20 à 70
*
-
i
8 x 14
';1 CZIENOST ct coll. 1970 J1
!
(50
3
!
15 x 7
14,2
!
!
! !iASTER et coll. 1983 !
43
2
i
3 x 21
1590
!
1
1
! otim et coll. 1983 !
10
5
9 x 16
k7,3
1
i I3QfPTON 1981
i
3à5
1
15 x 8
12,s à 20,O
!
!
f
1 l’lE!iPS2Z t-t O!EXN 1977 !
4 8 5
1
20 x 9
11,l à 13,8
!
!
1 X;ARQUILLY
ct
f
!
; JAiiIGE 1981
50
3
1
!
15 x 7
X4,2
t
!
'1 ORSKOV 1984
!
20 à 40
3à5
2,5 à 3
î
14 x 9
11,9 à 19,u
!
1
! DC FARIA 1984
35
2
! 12,5 x 9
17,7
1
t
!
; Ulm et 81. 1984
!
37
>2
!
5 x 12
6L7
!
1
1 Yl!ERN et al. 1984
I
52 f 16
0,s
1
!
6 x 10
491
!
1
1 ANDERSON et a1 . 21981 !
150
095
-
i
6 x 15
2,7
,!
,
! VAN DER kW 1932
i
20 à 7Y
2
I
8 Y, 14
!
!
1 VAN SOEST 1982
i
30
f
.
%!
1
!
!
!
!
* Quantité équivalente & 250 ng dc: prot6ines brutes.
t
2,l.l - The nylon b<xg
IIq nylon material with mgula~ POIX S~ZCZ = 30 mfcrons (1)
havc been compared to an irregulnr pore sizc nylon matcrial
varyfng from 10 to 80 microns (2).
Two baG sizes havt: been tcstcd 10 x 15 cm and 10 x 20 cm.
201-2 - Thc animais
Thrtx cattle 2nd thee shecp; holding fistula with 75 and
60 mm of diamcter have bcen used,
?lortalfty of sheep csuscd by fistula parasitisme by f'ly
larva was important. Exploited results
concerned only one a
shce+
Al1 measuremcnts havu becn done with a test rice straw
harvGstcù in 1985 in Sencgal river delta. This trop rcsfduc was
aven dried at 80”C and ground to pass 1 mm screen.
II..--
-..-.--
(1) CCC~ BIichcl ot Simons " France.
(2) I$l00 Tripette et Renaud " France.
2. In 4 Ia. Jnî.rXLl diet
- - -
a coclposcd ditit with 68 pJO0 of pèanut shell, 27 pc\\r cent of
.A
si)rghum:, T) percent pz::nut CC!~C, was offercd at libitum,
Intakc was 118 g dry mattcr pzr kîlogrsm metabolic body wcight
and nutritive value 0,33 for;:gc unît, 53 digestible nitrogen,
7 G ci!lcium 2nd 1,6 g phosphorus.
A i!iin,;:rnl block W-AS availciblL in free choice,
2.1.5 -. The lest,
It:s a lead sphcrc covcr~d wîth plastic. The approt\\.imatt
wzîght is 100 g for shecp and 350 g for cettlc.
Th\\r lt:st prcvcntcmaîntcnznce
of bags in the rumi:n co;'il;cnt
surfnce and keep them dceply mixcd dfith the di&est;7,
&ES ;‘tre i-zttachcd to CL pl:>stic tube accordfng to orskov's
modal (sec fi.go
1) In order to mnk~ e:2sy thc rcmoval of the bng
from the rumen through the fist-ula.
:‘.x-&/..
. ..-- -..- -q.a.+..a.+..~-
,,
2 n 2 1 - Thc i n c u b a t i o n
---..
l
‘Ilni: pcrcentagz o f d r y m:ltter 105s rc-rtisent s dry hl:lt tel?
de.g%dabilfty i n tht: rumcn.
k dOUi3le bag w i t h n o n incubsted sample, scaled and w a s h e d
rzprc sent 3 t he zero p o i n t O
2,2.2 _. Chemîcal WIIILE~S
- -
C~l1 I{%~I. (HlIF) friictlon is dctermincd i n t h e szxmplv nnd
thc r c s i d u e after incubation,
III *= RESUL'i'S
f:hD DISCUSSIONS
,-.m---1-
- -
Dii:Ercnts variations j:~zctors hav? bccn studiod r!i,kll about
twenty rncthodologicul trinls,
3.1
Katerial
- -"
variations
:$,l.l -- Porê sizt of
- - nylq; maturisl
In fact- the dogradabîlity of nutricnts is assimilatcd to
the percentz;;X? of then cs~aplng the nylon ba.gO Thc par% size of
nylon :,lûterial is thon an importnnt paramctcr,
U~~ally it varles from 10 (OKEKE zt al, 1983) ~JO 150 microns
(ANWXSOÎJ cl; al.) (sce table l),
Compwed pore sizo of 36 iaicrons and 10 to 80 microns gave
significantly (P 6 0,Ol) diffcrent rcsults
(sw tublc 2 2nd 3)
at 211 hours of incubntion,
IYii‘feroi?Cos bctwecn th,-L trio nylon material type at 48 heurs
incubation WJS significant (PS 0,025) for dry mattcr but not
for col1 wsil dcgradability (P 5 0,05),
At 72 heurs of incubL.:tion ho diffcrence bave bcen signifi-
tant (PS O,O5).
V3Aatïoiis aré import:!tlt during the first ;fiorJents of ineu...
bation; whpn occurs degradation of protein The stan&-),rdfz;-Ltion
of nylon in?teri;ll is then ;-Y ncccssfty,
. ../...
,.
L.
-,
:;
-.
,-.
Table 3 : Influence of porc size on dry uatter and NDF degrndnbility
of rice straw analysis of variante
! -1.
F
I
F
1
!
“-..,
!
!
! Incubation\\
!
t
1
1 time
- x
!
Dry natter degradability
i
HDF degradability
!
!
:
;---
1
1
"
1
!
!
1
24 heures
; F3; = 2 î ~ 14w&.
; FL; =
. ..WZX*
$,8b
!
1
!
!
;.-;
1
!
.
1
!
; F2; =
7,w3**
i
!
48 heures
1 r'2: = 0,92
*?E
!
.
I
l
.
.
.
!
1
!
!
72 heures
!
F*2 = 3,m
ES
i
1
NS
!
.
! F20 = 0,04
1
1
KG = non significant
2; significant at P C 5 %
*Q significant at ? $ 2,5 %
k*:i significant
at: P 5 1 $
***fi significont et P c 1 %=
i
r
"
i
3 - c
.
,
9’LS
i
9
0
S ’ S
i
C’LS
T “‘77 ;
i
*
.
i
i
i
1 -.-.
i
:
I ----;
:
1
:
.
i
i
;
‘1 ZL i
i
'7
i
2.7
.I
6’ZZ
:
L
i
c-z
i
b’+tt
i
S':7:
:.
.
.
i-
1
-*- -,.A Y
*
A -- - - - - - - l - ---.-- -_ i
r; "I, i
i
i
Z'RZ
i
OZ
B
?'S
i
C' lC
i
:
VT
:
L'S
i
i
i
. c*
i
,
1.
.
!
i.1
Fi
-
F
!
I
.
i
~*ncubotio?>~- . ,_
f
Dry mtter
!
NRF
!
;tinc 011
- ._, --.!
!
!
*
.--
--y
!
1
!
!
!
i
1
t
1
!
24
! F26
= 1.05
NS
i
F17
= 3.63
NS
;
!
!
!
!
_I_--
._WI
!
!
I
.
!
!
!
1
!
!
42
: F2; = 4.08
NS
%6
= 0.6
lis
!
!
!
i
!
-
-.-
I
!
t
-----,
.
*
!
!
1
!
1
E 4.84,"
2 i.41
3s
!
!
72
!
F17
!
r2û
!
The sampl~ wcîght depent?n on :a?nlvois to b< C!on~ lz the
rcsidue, It has ta move freely .:nd participstc: to ,q.str-ïc moti.-
lity wlthin éhe bago
301.3
The lest
_1--
Sumen content SS non homogcneous.
.
.
_.
.
_.
“..
xo~35qnm~
_.
.
. .
.
sq
.
(Y)
.
.
-.
.
3
..I.
-.
. .
.-.t.?
-. i
.
.
,
-.
d 5
-.
-.
c7 -ri n
0 .r
I-e
f.
N m d
I
. .
..;
C.
3
\\?
-.
I
-.
2 c
-.
C.
e
3.r v-4 5:
.
.
I
-.
.*.
z
t3
-.
0 ‘3
. . .
. .
G
v1 P ho
L..
V’ \\O
a..
-.
0-l
c
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
L
,
Tnblc 7 : Influcncc of lest on dry mtter and IUF degradability of Rico strw
Analysis of vnrianc2
----
1
!
f‘\\,
F
i
F
!
Dry i-cttcr
!
I
24
!
48
: FI; =
5.17~:
!
1
!
&.41”*
i
.
!
F2C =
!
!
!
1
l
.-.,-
!
1
.
.
!
72
; F2; =
!
1.26
NS
= =
f
!
50
i.25
?iS
!
!
!
!
i
---.
-..---
t-
-c
n
.
.
/
.
D.0
_.
! ‘.
I
=-A
i
!
F
t
F
1
-‘--,
!
1
__II
ikcubation
“2\\-
1
t
!
!
Dry mtter
i
EDF
!
pm! (h)
!
_ -, -_-
-
-
i
!
1
.
!
!
2 4
f F
= 3 . 3 6
NS
!
= 0 . 9 3
NS
;
!
!
?
!
!
-
-
-
1
1
1
.
!
!
i
!
1
ï
41;
Fi
= 0 . 3 5
NS
%21
= 0.1
NS
!
!
1
!!
!
!
f
9
!
!
!
i
Ii = 3.56
!
F:i = 3.81
!
72
’ F25
NS
NS
!
*
!
!
!
!
!
!
--“.
m-m.
*
.
.*.
“..
uoT~i?qn3
-.
-.
r.
-.
a$;{
m..
-.
Y
-I
.
.
.-
.-
*
.-
.
,
a.
:.
L 4. c
u- 1:.
L:
-I
.-l
ci<
l- CJ
-,
i
LT
-a
4
.
s
-.
:
.
-.
. . 9
FI
-
.
Table 10 : %ct based on pennut hnula bifJh2IYIiCz!1
ch.wnctcristics
of rumen fluid
t
- ..-
.-... -
--
.-.
!------
..--- -.--.-
.
.*-.,.a-_
.”
!
1
!
1
1
I
PH
!
NH3 mg/100 ia.l
!
VFA raEq/l
!
1 -
! :low
!
!
i
..
!
-
-
-
i Svmderd i Numbcr !
! -*- -- -11---
.-
. . . _ Y L._~._"."
!
Man
Phn
! 5iz.znd:~rd
I devintiw ! of trials 1
i
Eumbcr
!
T
!
Si:m-dxi~
’
!
I Jrviation I of trials I
Hem i <p”ic.~io:? !
.-.. .--“.-? l.-... .- “-!”
Iï-- -1.. _-_- I
-
-
-
-
-
;--- I !
-LL.I
!
1
!
!
Ii 11
36
i
7.15
!
!
!
*
0.20
;
30
1
2.46
;
G.27
f
3*
!
!
19.8
;
4.7
;
!
;"-+
!
--+-.--...+--
i&.-e
1.-. ..+.-"
!
!
1
. ..-
, I
! --..a"., --
!
.
--.
._).._. 1
i le h
:
37
1
6.02
i
0.29
;
30
!
2.95
;
0.47
!
1
31
f
1.9.8
;
3.1
;
1 -..-+-
!
1
.-+
1
!
.-.-
.
-~
!
1
...-..^...ic_
-j.-.-
i
!
!
1
.
1
; 12 'Il f 37
!
6.69
;
0.27
; 31
.
f
i 2.94 i
!
0.w
!
31
f
21.2
f
l
!
I
409
;
!
!
--I.
*_---___ !
1
!
1
!
1
.^-...<--- -
- -. . . ._
!
T----
.r-------~-
-.+
!
!
I
6.U f
0.32
! 29
i
2.66 ;
!
!
!
*
0.4t.1 !
29
; 21
!
!
.
.--m
.
A--. .
m
i
-
-
-
:
!
!
'I _,
Cli~.~sr-:r:t--i::..
"
;;;y
3 u,&&o 31
vi?; -jzc, / 1
!
I
1 .
3’.
1
,_
!
. , tic3
;
!
>
‘Y
W I
---... *
!
1 _“.
*.
LllX o f
‘.
:
!
---;
3xnf.i qrd
!
I!uqbc;
! Standard
!
!
!
;u*.>‘*<. :.
!
i.!U,.:;.,.;r
!
!
iieon
!
km
!
Stsndtrd
:: n1.6: 1 ing
-.-.\\ ?
Ii :,??
!
!
1
! dc&:tim !of tric?s I
! &ÿirt<on ie.F triris f
fjev~ntionjtii rri::Ss
1
1
!
-..-A.- ---.
Le--_ 1.
f
!
!
t
1
:
!
<
:
-1
D
.
!
i
!
1
!
i
7.73
i
;
5.92
;
L.32
1
d
!
!
LJ ta
!
2.40
f
G . 77
!
8,
lU.IS
!
:
.
!
i
!
.
*
--+.& -.-. i
!
!
Su +
%
-
-
Y
+
-
!
1
!
!
1
t
*
.
:
-!
t
1
!
1G k
9
2.42
;
0?41
;
c
i
i7.u
!
4.40
J
.2
;
s.72
f
!
b.2î
,
i
!
t
.
.
.
0
I
!
!
!
!
!
+--+-
!
:-
t
t
I- I’
t
1
1
.
.
!
.
.
.
!
1
E
!
‘;-IL
;
7
:
!
12 3
!
1
;,:JS
!
0.73
;
ï
I 14.x
;
5.h
1
7
*
0.42
!
.
!
!
!
!
i -.--+--* !
- - L - . - .
I
!
-.s- -
!
1
!
a
-
!
t
1
.
!
!
1
!
t
!
!
!3*
7<;
:
c-
!
t
!
i:
!
1 5 h 3G
!
1.x
!
“
* 21.14
;
!
.
7.73
;
I
6.31
!
c>*37
l
L
;.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
.‘...
-Y
!
E
-+-
!
1
1
.
!
0
.
.
; 0
!
!
!
!
I
ï.7 i: 30
2.04
!
!
::
I
1
!
0.76
1
r
xi&2
.
.
!
3.15
f
7
:
6.24
;
c.29
!
jil
!
!
!
!
t
!
1
!
!
!
--zb-“.
-
-
c--
-
Figure 2 : Diet based on peanut haulm biochemical characteristics of rumen fluid
73
.
-_- -.-.
.
20
PH
A-8
*
NH3 mg/lOOml~
VFA mEq/l
A
A
10
\\
Time of sampling (h)
8h
10 h
12 h
14 h
.
x
l !
.
3,2,1.1
Rnii;lCLl number
--.--_11
T3blc 13 : Betwxx: .-kîtincl differencas. Analysis of v?ri?.ncc:
1
!
1
i Pore size = 10 - 80 u ! Pore size = 10 - 80 u ; Pore size = 10 - 80 CI
!
I
o 53~ size = 10 x 15 cm ! bng sizc: = 10 x 15 cm i bag size = 10 x 15 CT] !
I without lest
o with lest
f without lest
r diet = pennut hsuln
diut = pcanut huula
!
! with pepsine
!
!
0
o diat = Teanut haulm
!
!
.-.
-
-
1
-y-----
-
I
.
!
!
i
DDi!
!
1
, F13 = 0.x
!
NS ! F,; = 12. 54x#:m+
= O-J2
NS
:
2
.
! "10 = gt.-J4>Wk*
= i3.92***
!
0
I
!
24 h
!
!
!
D
!
!
-
--*-
!
i
f
t
t
I
.
.
.
!
!
!
0 . 1
!
!
!
* NDFD
0
l
1
!
2
!
Pli = 0,C.l
NS
; z13 = 0.01
NJ
! FI1 = 0.77
NS
I -
=
5
3.53
NS
I 3: F ~4.7""-"
!
?
!
!
!
!
1
!
!
.---
- -
a--
_
-
-
!
t
!
:
I
!
!
!
!
!
! DDk
F1 = 3.50
NS
1
!
!
!
!
' = 10 iO*k*
* 7. 1
2
6
: F16 = 3.19
x
!
1
Fil *
t * -rf = 7.25h”+c*
I -QD = x7*74*+
.
!
.
!
I 4%h ; - - - - y - - - - -
!
!
!
!
+._-*
-!--
_Y.
I
,
!
t
!
!
!
y
!
E
!
NDFD
!
F p '- '3;. 7.1
NS
!
1 = 6.4fiW
!
2
! FL7
! Qc = 0.11
NS
i-1
2
!-9 = 7.23
t FIO = 2~e2@W’r%
i
.
!
!
I
1
2
I
!
!
!
!
y - -
.-. - --
.
!
---
1
i
1
1
t
.
.
!
0
!
!
!
i
! DD?1
1 = 1.56
;iS
!,2
i
i
!
!
! rl6
! r1-c f ï2*74****
! Fl; = 4,30
NS ! $
i
72 -n
!
!
!
!
- -A,-..
!
!
!~------'-
1
I
.
.
.
!
!
!
!
!
!
;
7
i
D
!
NDFD
!
! 3; = 1.82
NS ; F2; = 0.16
NS
!
; 2 ‘. = 3.71
9
NS
!
!
I
!
_^
I
--.-.."-.m.
!
I
!
-*--
.--..-.-
!
DDP! = Dry nnttsr dcgr.:d:tibily
XIX = INTIF dcgrad-bility.
*.
*..
.
*. *.
, -a
*. I
c
N
.
. -. 0. *I “.. c . I.
,* -. -9 . . ..-. * ,.... *.‘ e.. *. .-. - < .
.-. *. .~.S I
:dS.th rcgular porc: nylon b-c,; thc? betwi-en trï:tls diff~rencc5
xxi net tiiggificant (PC O,O5) . .
.
3 .: 2 ,, 2 -’ Post incubation pepsine treztment
- - -
_-
-. - -
. .
l
E
t-
. .
*-
,
m,.
l
\\
.
.a
, .
i
!
l
i
i
t
;
1
J..
C.
.
-. .
-.
;I
;t
CU .
1
,
:
1
\\
1
C. .
I
. .
Cible 17 : Dry mtctr ::nd c;ll ~111 (NE') degradsbility
OC ric.2 .r;trew
va%itioriz LtL, differents expcrinantzl
conditicns (~CC 1eEend)
,--. -- _II
_-_ - -.*-L --
I-II_
_-._._._ .‘,7-.----.-. )
‘
:
---f-----~
!
.
).A
L
i
I
!
t
!
!
!
i
l:.;;;;;y;*
;
.._f
;
2
;
3
1
&y-*
;
5
;
G
;
\\-
.-
..- -II -.-A, eqm”.” *
?- -.-l=----f---l
!
t
!
!
~~Fi
!
7 i. r; ï + !3 . 02
‘.?.-d _
!
24.27 -i; 2.59
i
23.30 f 3.12
i
23.3iTv 2 3,1>
i
23.30 5 3.12
!
22.88 f 1.28
!
!
1
n-5
!
n=l
!
C=i3
I
no 22 5
r?=ii
!
n=4
!
0
c
3
pqlOo
f
‘
4
(--'.-T
--.-..- -_ _.-.-_..,- "&.
i . p_-+_-
.-.-1.
-,*~--2-.-.-
-i
.
.
---f---
i
!
mm
!
!
12.57 f 3.14
!
13.4a t 3 . 9 2
!
13.43 2 3,$2
!
13 48 f 3.S2
!
13.48 * 3.92
!
:
!
p.100
!
0
:, = 4
n=5
!
Y-. = 5
!
n-5
B
n=5
!
I
!
!
!
.
!
!
!
_-_- - _-.-
:
.T-~ . . ..--..- -. .----
-.A".?p-- L-I--. --r-.-
-!
:
!
mi
!
y*r,j * ?*QC
!
39 7
.
f 6. Is
s
37.04 f 4.81
!
34.92 -k f,4C
!
41.05 t 4.94
1
30.30 f l.G
!
1
!
p*lM
f
i- =1:
!
ri = 21
1
n = lb
!
'?, 3 7
1
n = 12
!
2 = 10
!
f
2,,--i
f
!
i
!
1
!
0
~ll_l-~ --U..
IL.-L
1.
--?---
"- *^__--*_^ LI.
:
f
-1
D
.
:
f
p)ü?Q
i
25. 9.b' :s 3s.6
!
31.04 f 5.75
:
iL.34 t 3.98
!
23.1. i 7.26
!
29.79 f 6.30
!
!
!
!
p.100
!
;-. = 1-L
!
n = II:
E
n = 14
!
.L- I 2
!
n = 12
:
!
:
!
!
!
i
!
0
!
1
; _.-_ -_-.- - -~w-r--. _II--. ^ . ..--- y.y.-.-.----r-w
wy..&- ._.‘. - L '-.t-..-..-
-*
1
.
!
ijI)i !
!
45.5C k ,,7G
!
58.15 i- 4.53
i
St.60 f 2.75
!
53.59 i &,37
!
57.30 f 4.1s
i
34.36 -L 1.4
!&
!
!
p.100
;
7: = 7
I
n = 20
i
n = 13
!
i-; .z L.2
!
n = li
!
n = 10
!
?
!
!
!
!
!
!
48h
!--7 ----------7u-----
.L.i. -. +..-...--
-.-_ --.. ---"--
----
.
.
.
!
i
t
;-jcyJ
0
49.71 * 10.03
!
52.59 " 6.11
0
50.56 f 6.98
47.6 $2 5.30
!
51.25 2 5.66
;
!
:
!
1
ns6
p.100
!
Il = 2G
!
n I 1;
i
n i ii,
!
R = 11
!
!
i
0
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
.- --. c-
Y- - -'..
r
.
I
1
1
.
-
-
-
-
-
- ------!----
.
.
.
!
I
.
ijF;f
E 62.X f 5-25
!
5Ï.81 f 5.22
!
62.16 + 6.47
!
57.6X2 2 5.52
!
65.21 2 6.X
!
45.68 + 4.55
!
!
p.ioQ
!
i: = 3
!
n = 21
*
n = 16
f
.;f -; <s
!
n = 11
!
n = 10
!
i
!
0
!
!
!
a,-_
!
!
72 1*
.- ---. -*
t
!
f
----Y-‘
1
I
1
.
:
!
!
!
mm !
Si.93 -k 4.14
0
66.11 f 5.54
:
5i3.99 t 5.36
i
55.45 2 C.C.5
51.51 f 6.99
1
!
0
!
yJ := j
!
n = 17
1
n = 12
!
n = L-1
i
n = 10
!
!
.
!
!
r
!
l
.-.-A SI --
-. a - - -
-
-
-
u_ ---L-I_-
!
2
. . _ ,wIII.I-
-
-.-.a.- -.,. .--w M
f
I_ -...I1- -.----- -.
._.- . I.__..v-m..-- _- -- Iml-.,-.
--r
f
IT;-in1 ,,roup numkr !
L~:~!'UT;.
?
ExpcïT.,+~ntc~~ candi tiens
!
! ..-----+--_.
.
f
!
--- -"--7
*-m. _ a.-.--m..- -
*... . - -.-.----WI -----"~'""t
!
.
!
!
f Porc: sizc of bag = 3i; Ldcronr,
1
!
f 3.xc of bag
- 110 ;< 2(-f C!,
3
i
I
!
0 llith le:it
!
f
f Djpt = pf31nut hal1E
!
f
i
.lj . .._ pT -PL-, ._I .- + --- -.*. . . . *.‘.- . . --,. -." .-.*".1-.1..-1__11..
!
'- --1
!
! Porc size = 10 - W mic:rc-.I*;
1
!
2
i
f Six of b‘?g = 10 .' 20 CI~:
E
f
!
3 IJitll l.cst
.
!
! Dict - pcxtwt hnulm
1
-.-+.-_
- _ ._. . . A
I
__^ -
uI_I __., II. - . .-. . -muI _.--.--.
!
-+---
!
f
!
! IJorc Si:c: = 1.0 .. 60 i:IIcro!1z.
!
I
3
f
f Sizc of bag = 10 x 15 I:~Z
t
A
!
I !lithout lest
i
f
i
f Di?t = pé.::nut hxuln
I
!
--+ _ -. _ ._ . .+....-~-
i
. .- . . --*_
-.-*..
. . &IIP.‘.
..-. .a
!
t
!
! Porc six ;.: 10 - 80 aiCr:)ns
f
I
4
!
! hae sizc
= 10 .x 15 cm
E.
.I.
i
!
f kith lest
f
!
f
! Di.ct = pcanut hnulm
ff
--+.-------.
*- -. _.. ,-
.a*
I
!
‘---Y- --.<
!
.
f Porc: siz:: = le - 69 rùicrnno
!
.
!
! iLïF; size
= 10 x 15 CD
!
!
5
!
i
I Without lest
!
! Pepsine tre~~tcwnt
f
i
f Dict =G p~':mut hnuk
.
;
!
I +.----
i
! .-
_a--.
. .--m--w- -.._-.< WY SM"_-
Le...- -.
.
!
i
!
! Pcw six - 10 - 1;O r.ticïox
f
E
G
!
f Bag sizc:
- 1:; x 15 cm
?
x
!
f Slit:? lest
1
i
!
: Comuosrcc; dit:i
!
For, ch::.ractèriz?tion DL' fe,:dstuff' s nutritivti vczI.u~', 5*?.~.:(;
on ru:rdnal nutrient availabilïty, and scrcznin!: oi' prc-J<iuctior.
Mets, t1~ nylon bis tcchniquii ïs very usr3 fui,
IIowêver, somé Varï~~tion fnctors IJJiiit it " s 2ccurrLcy
n;1t tc’r
,’ . 100
+
ÏO
UO
*
40
10
h
.
Incubation
time (h)
E 1 i? 1, 1 0 G Fi ;\\ I-J FI Y
I_-.-lyl_-.---- ----- .---
10
1 1
t
1 4
15
16
1 7
STERIJ (S.D.):; SATTER (L.D. > S Ewluntion of nitrogen solubility
the D,xron ting technique 3:; ;wthods cor ~stimating. prote In dec;r
dation in the rumen.
Journal of An, Sci, Vol. 5?~.. 11‘'3; 1984 ; pp : 714.-724,
18
(r
. .,
FOR ANIMAL FEEDING :
EV~ALUATION OF THE NYLON DAG TBCHIJIQUE
Dr Safldtou T, FALL
!<ith tëchnical assist:mce of B, DIAW
REF. N"67/AL. NUT,
AOUT 1986.
Thc nylon bag mcthod i s :L mari f o r
evaluat ion of
nutrients availability i n the rummz.
Flvc grams o f
dried, a-nd p-ound rice straw, i n & n y l o n bag,
are incubatcd i n t h e rumcn f o r 24: 4 8 a n d 72 heurs,
Rmoved bags XYJ w a s h e d a n d ovcn d r i e d at 80c'Cc The pcrccn 1
tages o f d r y matter and citll wnll d f s a p p e a r a n c c r e p r c s c n t s ES--
p c c t î v e l y d r y matter a n d NDF dczradabîlity i n t h e rumen.
P o r e sizë o f n y l o n material h a d a significant (PS 0,05)
i n f l u e n c e o n drv rmttêr 2nd c a l . 1 tira11 dcgrsdabilityC This i n -
f l u e n c e w~is IILJL 3+IlGIi;lLIIL (?a ü,O5) a 7 2 h o u r s o f i n c u b a t i o n .
T h c l e s t limîted t‘hL? c o n t r i b u t i o n o f b a g s t o tht7 gastri,c
motilitj,
iii0 ii'Lr~in~~lice o
n
rlti:riunt dogradabilfty h3s been
ncgat iv;: 0
The b a g s i z e h a d n o effect o n nutriênt degradability”
A good q u a l i t y f o r a g e wi.th cnergetic a n d nitrogen suppleVa
m e n t i s required,
DèLradabilfty of riez strew nutrients havë bccn si.pniflc;sr,~
tiy hj.ghL?r wîth the diet bascd on peanut hrzulms than with the
composcd Giet based on sorhhun, Pcanut cake and peanut shell"
T~IC bctween anim.?+ls and tri,2ls differenccs recordcd bave
been si,gffîcant,
Anim:il havc net to be lcss than tree animal a single bzg
crin bc încubated per incubntion time, with one repétftion tria1
Per sample ta h.zve 3 relisblc m~~?n.
The cffect of pepsine Post rumen incubation trc?trnrnt hzve
Ilot becn significant,
Ce11 wall and dry mattcr degradability of ricê struw was
good.
148 hours incubation dcgradability of rice strûw nnd in vive
results
hnve flot bccn diffzrent,
Keywords : nylon bag technîquc ; variation factors 3 in "sftui3
degradation of nutrisnts ; dry matter and ce11 wall rumen
degredabilîty of rîce straw,
1' INTRODUCTIO?4
Thc: digestion stud21 is ;In iii1portan.t
stGp in thz proccss
.
of nutritive velue evaluatior: of feedstuffs.
Cheinical antilÿsis dcteri2ines thz quantity of nutrïclnts in
the fvedstuffs: but doesïnt Givi-" înforml:ti.ons about their avai-,
lability.
In vitro techniques are casier and less expensivc than in
vivo ai?d in sltu methods f but thcy don't rcally reflect the
digestive utilisation of fcedstuffs.
The nylon bag method is a technique for measurement of thé
kinetic of in situ nutrients
degradation in the rumenti
It gives informations about potentfally degradable fraction
of nutrients 2nd itFs degradation rate.
This niethod cari evaluate the availabîlfty of nutricnts and
completc bromatological analysis=
Sfnce the initial sîlk 'b;?g of Quin et nl in 1938, many
methodolo{;îcal
studfes about nylon bag have becn c~~rried out
(RODRIG~JIG 1968, CRENOST 1970, >WiRI-;Z et al, 1977, KEXPTON 1980;
UDEN and VAN SOEST 1984, SAUVANT et al. 1981;). Many rcscarch
tcainshavc împroved thc accuracy of the technîque.
Efforts of standnrdfzation a.nd comparision wfth rclated
methods are contlnufng.
Howv~p, ;A lîtter%turc ruvîew shows a great variety of mite-.,
rie1 used and experimental procedure from a laboratorie to ano,~
ther (sec table l),
The afm of this mcthological study is to adjust thc nylon
bag technique in our labor%torîe
nnd to check differents factors
of variation,
ose /
ooc
Table 1 : Bibliographical
variations of cxperirwntal conditions
- z - d . . -
-
-
-
--.-..
!
t
1
!
1
1
.
to
Authors
!
Pore sizc 1
Snmple
;
Scrcen
I
Bag size !
Samplo/
bag :;izc
!
1
IJ
1
size
;
ml2
!
Cl?
1
:
!
e
I
!
i
mg/ cIri2
!
!
. .-m-
L
'-T------- 1
!
--- *i
!
"------i
- -
'i VAN KEUREN 1962
1
-
10
! .5,1 x Ii.,4
86,O
!
1
1
1 PLAYFIE 1978
!
3
i
6 x 6
4137
!
1 PLAYNE 1978
t
6
1
6 x 12
41,7
I
!
!
! PLilYNE 1978
!
9
!
6 x 18
41,7
1
!
I FIGROID 1972
i
-
10
1 10,2 x 17,8
27,5
f
!
!
! MEHREX 1977
!
5
1
17,x 9
16,3
1
f
!
i JAILEY 1962
5
! 10,2 x 15,2
16,l
!
1 DEMARQUILLY 1969
t
!
3
!
15 x 7
14,3
1
1
! AEFiTS 1976
i
3
!
1S x 8
12,5
1
!
!
! 'k HfmlS 1972
!
2
!
15 x 15
494
t r
!
f ISTASSE ét al. 1981 !
50
2
I
6 x 7
23,3
!
!
i CXSKOV 1980
1
12
3
2,s à 3
!
14 x 9
11,9
!
1
! LOERCli 1983
!
20 à 70
*
-
i
8 x 14
';1 CZIENOST ct coll. 1970 J1
!
(50
3
!
15 x 7
14,2
!
!
! !iASTER et coll. 1983 !
43
2
i
3 x 21
1590
!
1
1
! otim et coll. 1983 !
10
5
9 x 16
k7,3
1
i I3QfPTON 1981
i
3à5
1
15 x 8
12,s à 20,O
!
!
f
1 l’lE!iPS2Z t-t O!EXN 1977 !
4 8 5
1
20 x 9
11,l à 13,8
!
!
1 X;ARQUILLY
ct
f
!
; JAiiIGE 1981
50
3
1
!
15 x 7
X4,2
t
!
'1 ORSKOV 1984
!
20 à 40
3à5
2,5 à 3
î
14 x 9
11,9 à 19,u
!
1
! DC FARIA 1984
35
2
! 12,5 x 9
17,7
1
t
!
; Ulm et 81. 1984
!
37
>2
!
5 x 12
6L7
!
1
1 Yl!ERN et al. 1984
I
52 f 16
0,s
1
!
6 x 10
491
!
1
1 ANDERSON et a1 . 21981 !
150
095
-
i
6 x 15
2,7
,!
,
! VAN DER kW 1932
i
20 à 7Y
2
I
8 Y, 14
!
!
1 VAN SOEST 1982
i
30
f
.
%!
1
!
!
!
!
* Quantité équivalente & 250 ng dc: prot6ines brutes.
t
2,l.l - The nylon b<xg
IIq nylon material with mgula~ POIX S~ZCZ = 30 mfcrons (1)
havc been compared to an irregulnr pore sizc nylon matcrial
varyfng from 10 to 80 microns (2).
Two baG sizes havt: been tcstcd 10 x 15 cm and 10 x 20 cm.
201-2 - Thc animais
Thrtx cattle 2nd thee shecp; holding fistula with 75 and
60 mm of diamcter have bcen used,
?lortalfty of sheep csuscd by fistula parasitisme by f'ly
larva was important. Exploited results
concerned only one a
shce+
Al1 measuremcnts havu becn done with a test rice straw
harvGstcù in 1985 in Sencgal river delta. This trop rcsfduc was
aven dried at 80”C and ground to pass 1 mm screen.
II..--
-..-.--
(1) CCC~ BIichcl ot Simons " France.
(2) I$l00 Tripette et Renaud " France.
2. In 4 Ia. Jnî.rXLl diet
- - -
a coclposcd ditit with 68 pJO0 of pèanut shell, 27 pc\\r cent of
.A
si)rghum:, T) percent pz::nut CC!~C, was offercd at libitum,
Intakc was 118 g dry mattcr pzr kîlogrsm metabolic body wcight
and nutritive value 0,33 for;:gc unît, 53 digestible nitrogen,
7 G ci!lcium 2nd 1,6 g phosphorus.
A i!iin,;:rnl block W-AS availciblL in free choice,
2.1.5 -. The lest,
It:s a lead sphcrc covcr~d wîth plastic. The approt\\.imatt
wzîght is 100 g for shecp and 350 g for cettlc.
Th\\r lt:st prcvcntcmaîntcnznce
of bags in the rumi:n co;'il;cnt
surfnce and keep them dceply mixcd dfith the di&est;7,
&ES ;‘tre i-zttachcd to CL pl:>stic tube accordfng to orskov's
modal (sec fi.go
1) In order to mnk~ e:2sy thc rcmoval of the bng
from the rumen through the fist-ula.
:‘.x-&/..
. ..-- -..- -q.a.+..a.+..~-
,,
2 n 2 1 - Thc i n c u b a t i o n
---..
l
‘Ilni: pcrcentagz o f d r y m:ltter 105s rc-rtisent s dry hl:lt tel?
de.g%dabilfty i n tht: rumcn.
k dOUi3le bag w i t h n o n incubsted sample, scaled and w a s h e d
rzprc sent 3 t he zero p o i n t O
2,2.2 _. Chemîcal WIIILE~S
- -
C~l1 I{%~I. (HlIF) friictlon is dctermincd i n t h e szxmplv nnd
thc r c s i d u e after incubation,
III *= RESUL'i'S
f:hD DISCUSSIONS
,-.m---1-
- -
Dii:Ercnts variations j:~zctors hav? bccn studiod r!i,kll about
twenty rncthodologicul trinls,
3.1
Katerial
- -"
variations
:$,l.l -- Porê sizt of
- - nylq; maturisl
In fact- the dogradabîlity of nutricnts is assimilatcd to
the percentz;;X? of then cs~aplng the nylon ba.gO Thc par% size of
nylon :,lûterial is thon an importnnt paramctcr,
U~~ally it varles from 10 (OKEKE zt al, 1983) ~JO 150 microns
(ANWXSOÎJ cl; al.) (sce table l),
Compwed pore sizo of 36 iaicrons and 10 to 80 microns gave
significantly (P 6 0,Ol) diffcrent rcsults
(sw tublc 2 2nd 3)
at 211 hours of incubntion,
IYii‘feroi?Cos bctwecn th,-L trio nylon material type at 48 heurs
incubation WJS significant (PS 0,025) for dry mattcr but not
for col1 wsil dcgradability (P 5 0,05),
At 72 heurs of incubL.:tion ho diffcrence bave bcen signifi-
tant (PS O,O5).
V3Aatïoiis aré import:!tlt during the first ;fiorJents of ineu...
bation; whpn occurs degradation of protein The stan&-),rdfz;-Ltion
of nylon in?teri;ll is then ;-Y ncccssfty,
. ../...
,.
L.
-,
:;
-.
,-.
Table 3 : Influence of porc size on dry uatter and NDF degrndnbility
of rice straw analysis of variante
! -1.
F
I
F
1
!
“-..,
!
!
! Incubation\\
!
t
1
1 time
- x
!
Dry natter degradability
i
HDF degradability
!
!
:
;---
1
1
"
1
!
!
1
24 heures
; F3; = 2 î ~ 14w&.
; FL; =
. ..WZX*
$,8b
!
1
!
!
;.-;
1
!
.
1
!
; F2; =
7,w3**
i
!
48 heures
1 r'2: = 0,92
*?E
!
.
I
l
.
.
.
!
1
!
!
72 heures
!
F*2 = 3,m
ES
i
1
NS
!
.
! F20 = 0,04
1
1
KG = non significant
2; significant at P C 5 %
*Q significant at ? $ 2,5 %
k*:i significant
at: P 5 1 $
***fi significont et P c 1 %=
i
r
"
i
3 - c
.
,
9’LS
i
9
0
S ’ S
i
C’LS
T “‘77 ;
i
*
.
i
i
i
1 -.-.
i
:
I ----;
:
1
:
.
i
i
;
‘1 ZL i
i
'7
i
2.7
.I
6’ZZ
:
L
i
c-z
i
b’+tt
i
S':7:
:.
.
.
i-
1
-*- -,.A Y
*
A -- - - - - - - l - ---.-- -_ i
r; "I, i
i
i
Z'RZ
i
OZ
B
?'S
i
C' lC
i
:
VT
:
L'S
i
i
i
. c*
i
,
1.
.
!
i.1
Fi
-
F
!
I
.
i
~*ncubotio?>~- . ,_
f
Dry mtter
!
NRF
!
;tinc 011
- ._, --.!
!
!
*
.--
--y
!
1
!
!
!
i
1
t
1
!
24
! F26
= 1.05
NS
i
F17
= 3.63
NS
;
!
!
!
!
_I_--
._WI
!
!
I
.
!
!
!
1
!
!
42
: F2; = 4.08
NS
%6
= 0.6
lis
!
!
!
i
!
-
-.-
I
!
t
-----,
.
*
!
!
1
!
1
E 4.84,"
2 i.41
3s
!
!
72
!
F17
!
r2û
!
The sampl~ wcîght depent?n on :a?nlvois to b< C!on~ lz the
rcsidue, It has ta move freely .:nd participstc: to ,q.str-ïc moti.-
lity wlthin éhe bago
301.3
The lest
_1--
Sumen content SS non homogcneous.
.
.
_.
.
_.
“..
xo~35qnm~
_.
.
. .
.
sq
.
(Y)
.
.
-.
.
3
..I.
-.
. .
.-.t.?
-. i
.
.
,
-.
d 5
-.
-.
c7 -ri n
0 .r
I-e
f.
N m d
I
. .
..;
C.
3
\\?
-.
I
-.
2 c
-.
C.
e
3.r v-4 5:
.
.
I
-.
.*.
z
t3
-.
0 ‘3
. . .
. .
G
v1 P ho
L..
V’ \\O
a..
-.
0-l
c
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
L
,
Tnblc 7 : Influcncc of lest on dry mtter and IUF degradability of Rico strw
Analysis of vnrianc2
----
1
!
f‘\\,
F
i
F
!
Dry i-cttcr
!
I
24
!
48
: FI; =
5.17~:
!
1
!
&.41”*
i
.
!
F2C =
!
!
!
1
l
.-.,-
!
1
.
.
!
72
; F2; =
!
1.26
NS
= =
f
!
50
i.25
?iS
!
!
!
!
i
---.
-..---
t-
-c
n
.
.
/
.
D.0
_.
! ‘.
I
=-A
i
!
F
t
F
1
-‘--,
!
1
__II
ikcubation
“2\\-
1
t
!
!
Dry mtter
i
EDF
!
pm! (h)
!
_ -, -_-
-
-
i
!
1
.
!
!
2 4
f F
= 3 . 3 6
NS
!
= 0 . 9 3
NS
;
!
!
?
!
!
-
-
-
1
1
1
.
!
!
i
!
1
ï
41;
Fi
= 0 . 3 5
NS
%21
= 0.1
NS
!
!
1
!!
!
!
f
9
!
!
!
i
Ii = 3.56
!
F:i = 3.81
!
72
’ F25
NS
NS
!
*
!
!
!
!
!
!
--“.
m-m.
*
.
.*.
“..
uoT~i?qn3
-.
-.
r.
-.
a$;{
m..
-.
Y
-I
.
.
.-
.-
*
.-
.
,
a.
:.
L 4. c
u- 1:.
L:
-I
.-l
ci<
l- CJ
-,
i
LT
-a
4
.
s
-.
:
.
-.
. . 9
FI
-
.
Table 10 : %ct based on pennut hnula bifJh2IYIiCz!1
ch.wnctcristics
of rumen fluid
t
- ..-
.-... -
--
.-.
!------
..--- -.--.-
.
.*-.,.a-_
.”
!
1
!
1
1
I
PH
!
NH3 mg/100 ia.l
!
VFA raEq/l
!
1 -
! :low
!
!
i
..
!
-
-
-
i Svmderd i Numbcr !
! -*- -- -11---
.-
. . . _ Y L._~._"."
!
Man
Phn
! 5iz.znd:~rd
I devintiw ! of trials 1
i
Eumbcr
!
T
!
Si:m-dxi~
’
!
I Jrviation I of trials I
Hem i <p”ic.~io:? !
.-.. .--“.-? l.-... .- “-!”
Iï-- -1.. _-_- I
-
-
-
-
-
;--- I !
-LL.I
!
1
!
!
Ii 11
36
i
7.15
!
!
!
*
0.20
;
30
1
2.46
;
G.27
f
3*
!
!
19.8
;
4.7
;
!
;"-+
!
--+-.--...+--
i&.-e
1.-. ..+.-"
!
!
1
. ..-
, I
! --..a"., --
!
.
--.
._).._. 1
i le h
:
37
1
6.02
i
0.29
;
30
!
2.95
;
0.47
!
1
31
f
1.9.8
;
3.1
;
1 -..-+-
!
1
.-+
1
!
.-.-
.
-~
!
1
...-..^...ic_
-j.-.-
i
!
!
1
.
1
; 12 'Il f 37
!
6.69
;
0.27
; 31
.
f
i 2.94 i
!
0.w
!
31
f
21.2
f
l
!
I
409
;
!
!
--I.
*_---___ !
1
!
1
!
1
.^-...<--- -
- -. . . ._
!
T----
.r-------~-
-.+
!
!
I
6.U f
0.32
! 29
i
2.66 ;
!
!
!
*
0.4t.1 !
29
; 21
!
!
.
.--m
.
A--. .
m
i
-
-
-
:
!
!
'I _,
Cli~.~sr-:r:t--i::..
"
;;;y
3 u,&&o 31
vi?; -jzc, / 1
!
I
1 .
3’.
1
,_
!
. , tic3
;
!
>
‘Y
W I
---... *
!
1 _“.
*.
LllX o f
‘.
:
!
---;
3xnf.i qrd
!
I!uqbc;
! Standard
!
!
!
;u*.>‘*<. :.
!
i.!U,.:;.,.;r
!
!
iieon
!
km
!
Stsndtrd
:: n1.6: 1 ing
-.-.\\ ?
Ii :,??
!
!
1
! dc&:tim !of tric?s I
! &ÿirt<on ie.F triris f
fjev~ntionjtii rri::Ss
1
1
!
-..-A.- ---.
Le--_ 1.
f
!
!
t
1
:
!
<
:
-1
D
.
!
i
!
1
!
i
7.73
i
;
5.92
;
L.32
1
d
!
!
LJ ta
!
2.40
f
G . 77
!
8,
lU.IS
!
:
.
!
i
!
.
*
--+.& -.-. i
!
!
Su +
%
-
-
Y
+
-
!
1
!
!
1
t
*
.
:
-!
t
1
!
1G k
9
2.42
;
0?41
;
c
i
i7.u
!
4.40
J
.2
;
s.72
f
!
b.2î
,
i
!
t
.
.
.
0
I
!
!
!
!
!
+--+-
!
:-
t
t
I- I’
t
1
1
.
.
!
.
.
.
!
1
E
!
‘;-IL
;
7
:
!
12 3
!
1
;,:JS
!
0.73
;
ï
I 14.x
;
5.h
1
7
*
0.42
!
.
!
!
!
!
i -.--+--* !
- - L - . - .
I
!
-.s- -
!
1
!
a
-
!
t
1
.
!
!
1
!
t
!
!
!3*
7<;
:
c-
!
t
!
i:
!
1 5 h 3G
!
1.x
!
“
* 21.14
;
!
.
7.73
;
I
6.31
!
c>*37
l
L
;.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
.‘...
-Y
!
E
-+-
!
1
1
.
!
0
.
.
; 0
!
!
!
!
I
ï.7 i: 30
2.04
!
!
::
I
1
!
0.76
1
r
xi&2
.
.
!
3.15
f
7
:
6.24
;
c.29
!
jil
!
!
!
!
t
!
1
!
!
!
--zb-“.
-
-
c--
-
Figure 2 : Diet based on peanut haulm biochemical characteristics of rumen fluid
73
.
-_- -.-.
.
20
PH
A-8
*
NH3 mg/lOOml~
VFA mEq/l
A
A
10
\\
Time of sampling (h)
8h
10 h
12 h
14 h
.
x
l !
.
3,2,1.1
Rnii;lCLl number
--.--_11
T3blc 13 : Betwxx: .-kîtincl differencas. Analysis of v?ri?.ncc:
1
!
1
i Pore size = 10 - 80 u ! Pore size = 10 - 80 u ; Pore size = 10 - 80 CI
!
I
o 53~ size = 10 x 15 cm ! bng sizc: = 10 x 15 cm i bag size = 10 x 15 CT] !
I without lest
o with lest
f without lest
r diet = pennut hsuln
diut = pcanut huula
!
! with pepsine
!
!
0
o diat = Teanut haulm
!
!
.-.
-
-
1
-y-----
-
I
.
!
!
i
DDi!
!
1
, F13 = 0.x
!
NS ! F,; = 12. 54x#:m+
= O-J2
NS
:
2
.
! "10 = gt.-J4>Wk*
= i3.92***
!
0
I
!
24 h
!
!
!
D
!
!
-
--*-
!
i
f
t
t
I
.
.
.
!
!
!
0 . 1
!
!
!
* NDFD
0
l
1
!
2
!
Pli = 0,C.l
NS
; z13 = 0.01
NJ
! FI1 = 0.77
NS
I -
=
5
3.53
NS
I 3: F ~4.7""-"
!
?
!
!
!
!
1
!
!
.---
- -
a--
_
-
-
!
t
!
:
I
!
!
!
!
!
! DDk
F1 = 3.50
NS
1
!
!
!
!
' = 10 iO*k*
* 7. 1
2
6
: F16 = 3.19
x
!
1
Fil *
t * -rf = 7.25h”+c*
I -QD = x7*74*+
.
!
.
!
I 4%h ; - - - - y - - - - -
!
!
!
!
+._-*
-!--
_Y.
I
,
!
t
!
!
!
y
!
E
!
NDFD
!
F p '- '3;. 7.1
NS
!
1 = 6.4fiW
!
2
! FL7
! Qc = 0.11
NS
i-1
2
!-9 = 7.23
t FIO = 2~e2@W’r%
i
.
!
!
I
1
2
I
!
!
!
!
y - -
.-. - --
.
!
---
1
i
1
1
t
.
.
!
0
!
!
!
i
! DD?1
1 = 1.56
;iS
!,2
i
i
!
!
! rl6
! r1-c f ï2*74****
! Fl; = 4,30
NS ! $
i
72 -n
!
!
!
!
- -A,-..
!
!
!~------'-
1
I
.
.
.
!
!
!
!
!
!
;
7
i
D
!
NDFD
!
! 3; = 1.82
NS ; F2; = 0.16
NS
!
; 2 ‘. = 3.71
9
NS
!
!
I
!
_^
I
--.-.."-.m.
!
I
!
-*--
.--..-.-
!
DDP! = Dry nnttsr dcgr.:d:tibily
XIX = INTIF dcgrad-bility.
*.
*..
.
*. *.
, -a
*. I
c
N
.
. -. 0. *I “.. c . I.
,* -. -9 . . ..-. * ,.... *.‘ e.. *. .-. - < .
.-. *. .~.S I
:dS.th rcgular porc: nylon b-c,; thc? betwi-en trï:tls diff~rencc5
xxi net tiiggificant (PC O,O5) . .
.
3 .: 2 ,, 2 -’ Post incubation pepsine treztment
- - -
_-
-. - -
. .
l
E
t-
. .
*-
,
m,.
l
\\
.
.a
, .
i
!
l
i
i
t
;
1
J..
C.
.
-. .
-.
;I
;t
CU .
1
,
:
1
\\
1
C. .
I
. .
Cible 17 : Dry mtctr ::nd c;ll ~111 (NE') degradsbility
OC ric.2 .r;trew
va%itioriz LtL, differents expcrinantzl
conditicns (~CC 1eEend)
,--. -- _II
_-_ - -.*-L --
I-II_
_-._._._ .‘,7-.----.-. )
‘
:
---f-----~
!
.
).A
L
i
I
!
t
!
!
!
i
l:.;;;;;y;*
;
.._f
;
2
;
3
1
&y-*
;
5
;
G
;
\\-
.-
..- -II -.-A, eqm”.” *
?- -.-l=----f---l
!
t
!
!
~~Fi
!
7 i. r; ï + !3 . 02
‘.?.-d _
!
24.27 -i; 2.59
i
23.30 f 3.12
i
23.3iTv 2 3,1>
i
23.30 5 3.12
!
22.88 f 1.28
!
!
1
n-5
!
n=l
!
C=i3
I
no 22 5
r?=ii
!
n=4
!
0
c
3
pqlOo
f
‘
4
(--'.-T
--.-..- -_ _.-.-_..,- "&.
i . p_-+_-
.-.-1.
-,*~--2-.-.-
-i
.
.
---f---
i
!
mm
!
!
12.57 f 3.14
!
13.4a t 3 . 9 2
!
13.43 2 3,$2
!
13 48 f 3.S2
!
13.48 * 3.92
!
:
!
p.100
!
0
:, = 4
n=5
!
Y-. = 5
!
n-5
B
n=5
!
I
!
!
!
.
!
!
!
_-_- - _-.-
:
.T-~ . . ..--..- -. .----
-.A".?p-- L-I--. --r-.-
-!
:
!
mi
!
y*r,j * ?*QC
!
39 7
.
f 6. Is
s
37.04 f 4.81
!
34.92 -k f,4C
!
41.05 t 4.94
1
30.30 f l.G
!
1
!
p*lM
f
i- =1:
!
ri = 21
1
n = lb
!
'?, 3 7
1
n = 12
!
2 = 10
!
f
2,,--i
f
!
i
!
1
!
0
~ll_l-~ --U..
IL.-L
1.
--?---
"- *^__--*_^ LI.
:
f
-1
D
.
:
f
p)ü?Q
i
25. 9.b' :s 3s.6
!
31.04 f 5.75
:
iL.34 t 3.98
!
23.1. i 7.26
!
29.79 f 6.30
!
!
!
!
p.100
!
;-. = 1-L
!
n = II:
E
n = 14
!
.L- I 2
!
n = 12
:
!
:
!
!
!
i
!
0
!
1
; _.-_ -_-.- - -~w-r--. _II--. ^ . ..--- y.y.-.-.----r-w
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58.15 i- 4.53
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53.59 i &,37
!
57.30 f 4.1s
i
34.36 -L 1.4
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!
!
p.100
;
7: = 7
I
n = 20
i
n = 13
!
i-; .z L.2
!
n = li
!
n = 10
!
?
!
!
!
!
!
!
48h
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----
.
.
.
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i
t
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0
49.71 * 10.03
!
52.59 " 6.11
0
50.56 f 6.98
47.6 $2 5.30
!
51.25 2 5.66
;
!
:
!
1
ns6
p.100
!
Il = 2G
!
n I 1;
i
n i ii,
!
R = 11
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i
0
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!
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r
.
I
1
1
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-
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E 62.X f 5-25
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5Ï.81 f 5.22
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62.16 + 6.47
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57.6X2 2 5.52
!
65.21 2 6.X
!
45.68 + 4.55
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p.ioQ
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!
n = 21
*
n = 16
f
.;f -; <s
!
n = 11
!
n = 10
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i
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0
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t
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mm !
Si.93 -k 4.14
0
66.11 f 5.54
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5i3.99 t 5.36
i
55.45 2 C.C.5
51.51 f 6.99
1
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0
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yJ := j
!
n = 17
1
n = 12
!
n = L-1
i
n = 10
!
!
.
!
!
r
!
l
.-.-A SI --
-. a - - -
-
-
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2
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f
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--r
f
IT;-in1 ,,roup numkr !
L~:~!'UT;.
?
ExpcïT.,+~ntc~~ candi tiens
!
! ..-----+--_.
.
f
!
--- -"--7
*-m. _ a.-.--m..- -
*... . - -.-.----WI -----"~'""t
!
.
!
!
f Porc: sizc of bag = 3i; Ldcronr,
1
!
f 3.xc of bag
- 110 ;< 2(-f C!,
3
i
I
!
0 llith le:it
!
f
f Djpt = pf31nut hal1E
!
f
i
.lj . .._ pT -PL-, ._I .- + --- -.*. . . . *.‘.- . . --,. -." .-.*".1-.1..-1__11..
!
'- --1
!
! Porc size = 10 - W mic:rc-.I*;
1
!
2
i
f Six of b‘?g = 10 .' 20 CI~:
E
f
!
3 IJitll l.cst
.
!
! Dict - pcxtwt hnulm
1
-.-+.-_
- _ ._. . . A
I
__^ -
uI_I __., II. - . .-. . -muI _.--.--.
!
-+---
!
f
!
! IJorc Si:c: = 1.0 .. 60 i:IIcro!1z.
!
I
3
f
f Sizc of bag = 10 x 15 I:~Z
t
A
!
I !lithout lest
i
f
i
f Di?t = pé.::nut hxuln
I
!
--+ _ -. _ ._ . .+....-~-
i
. .- . . --*_
-.-*..
. . &IIP.‘.
..-. .a
!
t
!
! Porc six ;.: 10 - 80 aiCr:)ns
f
I
4
!
! hae sizc
= 10 .x 15 cm
E.
.I.
i
!
f kith lest
f
!
f
! Di.ct = pcanut hnulm
ff
--+.-------.
*- -. _.. ,-
.a*
I
!
‘---Y- --.<
!
.
f Porc: siz:: = le - 69 rùicrnno
!
.
!
! iLïF; size
= 10 x 15 CD
!
!
5
!
i
I Without lest
!
! Pepsine tre~~tcwnt
f
i
f Dict =G p~':mut hnuk
.
;
!
I +.----
i
! .-
_a--.
. .--m--w- -.._-.< WY SM"_-
Le...- -.
.
!
i
!
! Pcw six - 10 - 1;O r.ticïox
f
E
G
!
f Bag sizc:
- 1:; x 15 cm
?
x
!
f Slit:? lest
1
i
!
: Comuosrcc; dit:i
!
For, ch::.ractèriz?tion DL' fe,:dstuff' s nutritivti vczI.u~', 5*?.~.:(;
on ru:rdnal nutrient availabilïty, and scrcznin!: oi' prc-J<iuctior.
Mets, t1~ nylon bis tcchniquii ïs very usr3 fui,
IIowêver, somé Varï~~tion fnctors IJJiiit it " s 2ccurrLcy
n;1t tc’r
,’ . 100
+
ÏO
UO
*
40
10
h
.
Incubation
time (h)
E 1 i? 1, 1 0 G Fi ;\\ I-J FI Y
I_-.-lyl_-.---- ----- .---
10
1 1
t
1 4
15
16
1 7
STERIJ (S.D.):; SATTER (L.D. > S Ewluntion of nitrogen solubility
the D,xron ting technique 3:; ;wthods cor ~stimating. prote In dec;r
dation in the rumen.
Journal of An, Sci, Vol. 5?~.. 11‘'3; 1984 ; pp : 714.-724,
18
(r
. .,