4 1CRiSAT RAiNY SEASON 1985 TRAINING ...
4
1CRiSAT
RAiNY SEASON 1985
TRAINING OFFICE
FARMlNG SYSTEME
EXPERiMENTAL REPORT
P-P-
1. SORGHUM VARiETAL AND PLANT DENSiTY TRlAL
2. VARiETY AND NiTROGEN RESPONSE TRiAL IN PEARL MlLLET
lrainee Cheikh KEBE
Country : SENEGAL
FILE : 0981
ïNT R O D U C TlON,
In Senegal, Pearl millet and sorghum are the second
after groundnut in cultivated area and national production, With the money
procured by selling groundnut which is an industrial trop, the farmer buys
rice to complete his deficiency in food and tel buy other family needs.
This situation, dLring a long time has favoured the
cultivation of groundnut at the 10s~ of Pearl millet and sorghum which are
the staple food for f,qrmers. Farmers are more than 80 % of the total
population,
in the last seventy years, the inflation and the
persistent drought have aggravated the food deficiency an over the countery.
Also, the price of the groundnut was not indexed to
tha price of other products of primary necessity. With this hard experience,
the farmers begin to increase the cultivation of cereals like Pearl millet
and sorghum. These two (2) crops occupy 970 000 ha compared to 1 O!X 000 ha
of groundnut.
The rainfall deficiency, low grain yield, poor soils,
diseases and insects are the major problems in Pearl millet and sorghum
prodcrction in Senegal.
From 1970, National tenter of Agronomie Research at
Bambay (Senegal)estabilished
the millet improvement office with the objective
of developing high yielding varietes with yielld stability for intensive
agriculture.
/2
The impo tance of Pearl millet and sorghum in
7
Senegal influenced me to chose chrosg for my two (2) experiments at
iCRlSAT CIenter.
A/ - Sorghum varieLa ana plant density tria1
B/ - Variety and ni.trogen response tria1 in
Pearl millet.
A/ - SORGHUM VARIETAL AND PLANT DENSTTY TRlAL
- -
1”) - Objective :
TO study response of sorghum varieties to plant
density its for high yield in Semi-Arid lropic Zones,
2”) - Materials and methods :
This experiment was conducted in the vertisol
(BL 2A) of iCRîSAT Patancheru in kharif season 1985.
The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block
Gesign (RBD) with two (2) factors and fou (4) replications :
- First factor vas variety
: SPV 351 (Vl) and SPH 221 (V2)
- Second factor was plant density : 100 DO0 plants/ha (Dl)
150 000 plarts/ha (DZ)
200 000 plants/ha (D3).
Each plotconsisted of 4 rows of 5 meters length
and spaced 0.75 m apart. The gross area was 15 m2 and the net area
harvested per plot was 4.5 m2*
60 kg N/ha and 17 kg P/ha was applied in the
folowing forrrs :
J3
- 150 kg/ha of ammonium sulfate (20 % N) at the thinning
- 150 kg/ha of
"
II
at the botom
- 243 kg/ha of superphosphate as basa1 application
At sowing, carbofuran vas applied int the furrows
Atrazine vas sprayed as pre-emergency applic&ticn.
The experimery
received a har;d weeding ( july 10)
and another later.
Rainfall data is provide in table no 3
3O) - Results and discussiot--:
Tableau no 1 Summary of selected means anti data
-.-
:
:
:
:
:
TREATMENTS
: Plant Height :
anicle
: panicles
: Thousand
: Grair,
: (cm>
: P ength
: Harvested
: seed weight : Yield
:
: (cm) :
(OOO/‘ha)
:
(9)
: (kg/'haj
____----------------
------f---------------:-------------:------~-------:-------------:---------.
:
:
:
:
:
Factor A
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
SPV 351
:
145
;
23
i
67
:
21
: 2 000
SPI-I 221
:
149
:
23
:
97
: 21
: 2 700
F
:
:
:
:
:
NS
**
:
SEM +
i pi; i o,'ii gBs i ;,;s f; i
WO+?~
: 81
CD
:
:
ij*b--
;a,& Es4-2
;~~,i~M6-4
;
-
:: 1 7 2
-_
3
Factor B
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 ,000 pts/ha
:
156 :
26
:
68
:
20
: 2 500
:
.!50 000 pts/ha
:
:
146
;
22
:
:
86
:
21
; 2 400
200 000 pts/ha
:
130
:
21
:
Y 1
:
2 1
: 2 100
F
:
**
:
:
*3ç
:
.
.
:
:
NS
:
NS
i
*
SEM +
.
.
350
: d.Tj &?Y :
677
:
Q;Ttie..3L
:
yy
:
:
:
CD
1 054
;
2.Tp9-7
;
2 038
:
-
:
:
210
.
.
.
.
-
-
-
lnteracticn
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
.
.
:
F
:
NS
;
:
:
:
:
NS
:
NS
NS
SEM +
; lq.9f .@-5 : 4.4 1:
ig.J3eY7
:
05 a.s-9;
140
:
-
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
C.V. %
:
7
i
12 :
23
:
5
:
12
i
:
:
:
:
. . /. . . .
/4
The hybrid SPH 221 has better emergency and seedling
vigor than the variety SPV 351. AU Resovn plants vere domaged by the
shootfly at the beginning. But SPV 351 That bas more gaps was more
domaged by the shootfly. The number of panicles harvested shows hov the
importance of domage for each variety is, particularly the percentage
of threshing was not influenced by the population densj.ty. It vas
statisticaly same for a11 varieties and densities as shovn below :
- SPV 351 : Dl 82.5 96, D2 82.4 %, D3 77.8 % and the mean 80.9 70;
- SPH 221 : Dl 80.4 %, DZ 80.7 40, 03 80.5 % and the mean: 80.5 %.
SPV 351 and SPH 221 have certain common characters. In effet, amy
significa\\,t difference vas not observed for plant height, panicle
length and thousand seed veight beetven these varieties.
Nevertheless, for the Panicles harvested and grain
yield, the difference vas highly significant and the SPH 221 vas
superior to SPV 351.
The difference va5 respectively 30,000 panicIes/ha
ano 700 kg grains/ha,
The laser deneity,(100,000 plants/ha) bac! highest
plant and lengthest panicfe ) floved by t'he medium density (150,000 pts/
ha).
The grain yield alsc vas superior in the lover density
flowed again by the medium density.That mears, the plant height and
panicle :Ler,gth determined by the plant density, influence the grain
yield,
Any difference significative was not observe8 beetven
these thwe (3) densities for the parricl.es harvest.ed and thoctsEr:d
seed weight.
For grain yield in SP\\! 351, the lover. plant Censity
vas superior to the others. And for CPH 221, the medium density vas
dominant in grain yield, but lightly suporior to medium density.
finy differenco statisticaly significant was not
ubserved for the interaction.
4O) - ConclLsio n :
In this year, the crops vas greatly affected by the
drought at the time of flnwering and the shi:ot fly.
In this experiment, SPH 221 was supericr in gr:l:in yield
than SPV 351. SPH 223. had also the better emeqency and seedling vicor.
For SPV 351 the best density was 100,000 plants,/ha
The plant density (150,000 pts/ha) war recoirmanded for SPH 221.
For getting more knowledge of the cause of superiority
of SPH 221 to SPV 351, it will be intererting to conduct again this
experiment in including
two (2) characters i n t h e observetions (lnomber
of plar:ts at the emergency and numbcr tillers).
5”) - Literature review :
a) - Los BARROS, University of Fhilipines 1981
XVIII, 133 II TANSïE 54 689
Effects of tillage, stand establishmant and nidue
management lcn performance of sorghun: grovn under upland and rainfed
lovland conditions.
b) - Preager HEFIMAN A,, Jr ; Thesis-Kansas State
University 1977 MF 5799
Field environnental conditions related t o tillering
and its contribution to yield of grain sorghum.
c> - Siddig T'WHAMED ; Thesis (M.SC) - American
University of Beirut.
Effect of row-width and stain on yield an other
characteristics of grain sorghum.
/6
w - VARiETY AND NITROGEN RESPONSE TR1AL iN PICARL M1LLE.T
I. mu
-I_- Y_-‘.-
1”) - Objective :
TO study respcnse of pEar1 millet varieties to nitrogen
;evcl for high yield in Semi-Arid Tropic Zones.
2O) - Materials and Methods :
- -
This experirr.ent vas condurted in glfisoi (RCW 13A)
of iCRiSPT Center FatancherL in rainy,season I.985.
ïts experiment design was Randomized Block Design (RBD)
with two (2) factors and four (4) replication ;
- Factor A
Variety :
??
BK560 (Vl) and ïVS 5454 (\\12)
- Factor B = Nitrogerl Leve.1 : 20 kg N/ha (Fl) , 40 kg IQ’ha
(FZ) and 60 kg N/ha (F3).
Number rows per plct : 4
Length of row : 5 meters
Row spacing : 0.75 mete:
Gross area per plct : 15 m2
Net area of plot hawested : 4.5 m2.
- A11 ferhilizer vas applilzd as basa1 appliceticn ;
* Diammonium phosphate (18 i0 N and 20 /O P) : 85 kgjha
foi each treatmer:t
* Ammonium Sulphate (20 %/Y) : 23 kg/ha for Fl,
123.5 kg/ha for F2 and 223.5 for F3.
- Date of scving 25.6.85
- Atrazirie was sprayed as pre-emergency appIlicst ion
- One (1) weeding with tractor and one (1) hand weeding
were done ir. thjs experimcnt
- Rainfall data is provided in table r:’ 3.
,.. /
. . .
/7
3O) - Results and dir-cussicn :
-CI-
Table no 2 : Summury of Selected means and data
--.---A
_ . - - - - . - - - <
-
- -
:
:
:
:
:
:
TREATMENTS
: Flou,ering
: Plant t:eight: panicle
: panicles : Thousand : Grain
: 50 %
: (Cm>
: length
: harwested
: Seed weight Yielc
: (days) :
: (Cm>
: (OOD/ha)
: (9)
: kg/ha
-------------------t-------------:-------------:-----------,
g------------:-----------:---------,
:
?
?
Factcr A : Vaiiety j
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
BK 560
:
51 :
176
:
40
I
275
:
6.24 : î 620
1vs 5454
:
:
:
51 ;
206
; 24
;
205 .
6.56
.
"
; 2 290
F
:
NS :
**
:
**
.
.
**
:
NS
:
**
SEM +
::
0.29 i
2.26 ;
0.31 ;
6.36 '
:
0.17
; 62
CD
:
1.05 i
8.35 :
1.14 :
23.47 :
:
235
:
:
:
.
:
.
-
-
-
-
-
- -L
-----.z----~-
Factor B : Nitrogsn i
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
.:
:
:
20 kg N
;
51 :
191
: 23 :
233
:
661
: 2 290
:
40kgN .
50 ;
187
: 22
;
:
246
.
:
:
6.03
: 2 580
:
60 kg K
:
;:1
:
191 : 22
.:
241
:
6.57
: 2 500
F
:
:
NS
: NS
:
:
:
.:
NS
: NS
"
NC
;
*
:
SEM +
:
0.35 :
2.77 :
0.38 :
7.79 I
0.21 :
7 5
CD
:
0.86 :
6.82 ;
0.93 :
19.16 ;
:
:
:
:
:
192
-
-
:-----:-
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
snteraction
:
:
:
.:
:
:
:
:
:
:
I
:
F
:
NS
:
NS
:
NS
:
NS
;*
:
N S
SEM +
::
0.5 ;
3.92 ;
0.54 :: 11.02 ;
0.29 ;
107
CD
:
:
:
:
1
0.97 :
-
- - -
-:
-:
"S, :- ----:--- ----'--p:
.
--.
cv (5%)
:
:
2 ;
4.
::
5 j
Y
::
Y
f
9
.
-.
-A --y - .-_
These twa (2) varietjes tested at three different
levels of nitroger; were not shown any difference at the emergency and
aeedling vigor.
They \\uere also flowery
and matured at the same times.
For the plant height, 1VS 5454 vas largely superior to
BK 560 (203 cm against 176 cm). Any difference statisticaly signlfirani
was net observed in the leveis of nitrogen and in the inteïactiori-
/8
The same observations for plant height is true also
for panicle
length (24 cm for 1VS 5454 and 20 cm for BK 560).
The number of panicles
harvested vas largely superio1
for bK 560. The nitrogen level and the interaction had not any effet on
the number of panicles harvested.
For the weight of thousand seeds, only the interaction
in F 3 (60 kg/ha) was shown significant : LVS 5454 was more heavy than
BK 560 (7.22 g against 5.92 g).
For the grain yield, some statistic differencc were
observed in each factor and not in the interacticn. in effect, BK 560
hed the better grain prcducticn than 1VS 5454 (2620 against 2300 kg/ha)
which vas influenced by the number of panicles harvested.
For Factor B, F2 (40 kg N) and F3 (60 kg N) were
statisticaly equal and superior to Fl (20 kg NJ.
When we compare tha percentage of threshing, 1VS 5454
vas suparior, And EK 560 vas superior in pahicles harvested and grain
yielc. it resulting that BK 561; had more tiller than 1VS 5454.
4O) - Conclusion :
i'm affred that 'che nitrogen appl.îer' as basa1
application haci reducing its effets of: the differer:te rates on
the
varicties t e s t c d .
Never theless, the vaciety BK 56C vas better than
~VS-5454 in grain yielc for. each rate of nitroger: in this case. lhis
superiority 3,s due to number of tillers moze important for BK 560.
Also, thc maximum yielc vas obtained with 40 kg N and
60 kg N/ha. But in including the economic effect, 40 kg N/ha is
recommanded.
. . . / . . .
/Y
5”) - iiterature r e v i e v :
a) - Kasana, N.A., and Chaudhary, R.R. 1981 Faklstan Journal
of Agric:ulture Research 2 (4) : 222-224. 4 ref.
+ Fertilizer (Nitrogen and phosphate ) requirement of peorl millet
tiariety "BY-18" in Pakistan.
bl - Gautam, R.C., anci Kanshik, S.K. 1981 . Fertizer News 26 (8) ; ZO-22,25.
+ Resporises of Pearl millet to Fert ilizer appliczatior?.
c) Ramakris#hma, Y .S., Sastri, A.S.R.A.S. and Rao, B.V.R. 1981
lndiar; Journal of Agronomu 26 (2) : 110-113. 5 Ref.
+ Drouyht vulnerability of Pearl millet under Jodh pur conditions.
d) - Beaty, E.P.., Engel, J.L., and poweil, J.D. 1977
Agronomu Journal 69 (2) : 308-311 - 14 Ref .
+ Yield,, leaf grouth, and tilleriny in bahiagrass by N rate an seasori.
/lO
Table no 3
Rainfpll Data
Total (484.2 mm
(59 days
-
-
.-
--
.
.
:
:
:
:
Months
:
June :
July
:
Augu5t
: Septemt'er : October
.
.
:
:
-
a - -
:
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
:
:
:
:
:
1
:
0.6 m,/m
:
:
:
:
.
2
:
12.8
:
.
:
:
:
:
0.6 mm
.
4.8 mm
.
:
:
43.4 mm
>
:
:
21.6 "
:
:
.
.
8.0
.
II
4
:
0.4
.
:
:
3.2 "
:
:
:
22 mm
:
:
:
ti.4 mm
5
:
3.3
:
1.6 II
:
:
1.6 "
:
16 '
6
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
7
:
18.2
:
,
-
:
.
.
1.6 "
:
12.6 mm
8
:
:
:
:
:
:
0.3 "
:
:
8.0 II
:
:
9
:
:
0.4 "
.
.
:
:
10
:
:
:
:
:
I I
:
:
:
1.8
:
:
11
:
:
:
3.2. II
:
:
12
:
:
:
:
:
I I
:
.
.
:
4.2
.:
23.2 "
.
.
13
:
:
:
5.3. II
.
.
:
14
:
:
:
:
:
I l
:
2.2 "
:
:
3.7
:
3.4 "
:
15
:
1.8 II
:
3.0 "
:
:
:
16
:
:
:
:
:
II
:
:
1.6 "
:
0.4
:
:
17
:
:
2.1 "
:
:
:
18
:
1.2 "
:
:
:
:
:
2.2 "
:
:
:
:
19
:
21.6 "
:
4.0 "
:
:
:
20
:
:
:
:
:
.
.
:
15.8 "
:
:
:
21
:
2.6 II
:
10.4 "
:
:
30.2"
:
22
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
23
:
:
?
26.6
:
:
?
24
:
:
:
?
:
:
.
1.6
.
II
2.0
:
:
?
25
:
11.8 "
:
4.4 "
:
:
?
5.8
5.6
.
II
26
.
1.2 "
:
?
:
:
:
:
8.0
0
?
:
?
:
27
:
:
:
?
8.2 II
:
28
:
:
:
?
:
:
:
22.2 "
.
?
.
:
29
:
3.3 Ii
:
5.2 "
?
:
i Totals
30
:
:
?
:
:
9.8 "
:
9.2 "
?
:
: 484.2 months
31
:
:
27.0 II
. 7.0
:
--
f-$9-
Total days : 13 days
-------v-
:
22 days _1_- days
: 11
:
8 days
:
:
:
.
:
Total m/m I 88.6 mm
:
173.4 mm
: 46.2 mm
i
95.6 mm
: 80.4 mm
1CRiSAT
RAiNY SEASON 1985
TRAINING OFFICE
FARMlNG SYSTEME
EXPERiMENTAL REPORT
P-P-
1. SORGHUM VARiETAL AND PLANT DENSiTY TRlAL
2. VARiETY AND NiTROGEN RESPONSE TRiAL IN PEARL MlLLET
lrainee Cheikh KEBE
Country : SENEGAL
FILE : 0981
ïNT R O D U C TlON,
In Senegal, Pearl millet and sorghum are the second
after groundnut in cultivated area and national production, With the money
procured by selling groundnut which is an industrial trop, the farmer buys
rice to complete his deficiency in food and tel buy other family needs.
This situation, dLring a long time has favoured the
cultivation of groundnut at the 10s~ of Pearl millet and sorghum which are
the staple food for f,qrmers. Farmers are more than 80 % of the total
population,
in the last seventy years, the inflation and the
persistent drought have aggravated the food deficiency an over the countery.
Also, the price of the groundnut was not indexed to
tha price of other products of primary necessity. With this hard experience,
the farmers begin to increase the cultivation of cereals like Pearl millet
and sorghum. These two (2) crops occupy 970 000 ha compared to 1 O!X 000 ha
of groundnut.
The rainfall deficiency, low grain yield, poor soils,
diseases and insects are the major problems in Pearl millet and sorghum
prodcrction in Senegal.
From 1970, National tenter of Agronomie Research at
Bambay (Senegal)estabilished
the millet improvement office with the objective
of developing high yielding varietes with yielld stability for intensive
agriculture.
/2
The impo tance of Pearl millet and sorghum in
7
Senegal influenced me to chose chrosg for my two (2) experiments at
iCRlSAT CIenter.
A/ - Sorghum varieLa ana plant density tria1
B/ - Variety and ni.trogen response tria1 in
Pearl millet.
A/ - SORGHUM VARIETAL AND PLANT DENSTTY TRlAL
- -
1”) - Objective :
TO study response of sorghum varieties to plant
density its for high yield in Semi-Arid lropic Zones,
2”) - Materials and methods :
This experiment was conducted in the vertisol
(BL 2A) of iCRîSAT Patancheru in kharif season 1985.
The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block
Gesign (RBD) with two (2) factors and fou (4) replications :
- First factor vas variety
: SPV 351 (Vl) and SPH 221 (V2)
- Second factor was plant density : 100 DO0 plants/ha (Dl)
150 000 plarts/ha (DZ)
200 000 plants/ha (D3).
Each plotconsisted of 4 rows of 5 meters length
and spaced 0.75 m apart. The gross area was 15 m2 and the net area
harvested per plot was 4.5 m2*
60 kg N/ha and 17 kg P/ha was applied in the
folowing forrrs :
J3
- 150 kg/ha of ammonium sulfate (20 % N) at the thinning
- 150 kg/ha of
"
II
at the botom
- 243 kg/ha of superphosphate as basa1 application
At sowing, carbofuran vas applied int the furrows
Atrazine vas sprayed as pre-emergency applic&ticn.
The experimery
received a har;d weeding ( july 10)
and another later.
Rainfall data is provide in table no 3
3O) - Results and discussiot--:
Tableau no 1 Summary of selected means anti data
-.-
:
:
:
:
:
TREATMENTS
: Plant Height :
anicle
: panicles
: Thousand
: Grair,
: (cm>
: P ength
: Harvested
: seed weight : Yield
:
: (cm) :
(OOO/‘ha)
:
(9)
: (kg/'haj
____----------------
------f---------------:-------------:------~-------:-------------:---------.
:
:
:
:
:
Factor A
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
SPV 351
:
145
;
23
i
67
:
21
: 2 000
SPI-I 221
:
149
:
23
:
97
: 21
: 2 700
F
:
:
:
:
:
NS
**
:
SEM +
i pi; i o,'ii gBs i ;,;s f; i
WO+?~
: 81
CD
:
:
ij*b--
;a,& Es4-2
;~~,i~M6-4
;
-
:: 1 7 2
-_
3
Factor B
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 ,000 pts/ha
:
156 :
26
:
68
:
20
: 2 500
:
.!50 000 pts/ha
:
:
146
;
22
:
:
86
:
21
; 2 400
200 000 pts/ha
:
130
:
21
:
Y 1
:
2 1
: 2 100
F
:
**
:
:
*3ç
:
.
.
:
:
NS
:
NS
i
*
SEM +
.
.
350
: d.Tj &?Y :
677
:
Q;Ttie..3L
:
yy
:
:
:
CD
1 054
;
2.Tp9-7
;
2 038
:
-
:
:
210
.
.
.
.
-
-
-
lnteracticn
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
.
.
:
F
:
NS
;
:
:
:
:
NS
:
NS
NS
SEM +
; lq.9f .@-5 : 4.4 1:
ig.J3eY7
:
05 a.s-9;
140
:
-
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
C.V. %
:
7
i
12 :
23
:
5
:
12
i
:
:
:
:
. . /. . . .
/4
The hybrid SPH 221 has better emergency and seedling
vigor than the variety SPV 351. AU Resovn plants vere domaged by the
shootfly at the beginning. But SPV 351 That bas more gaps was more
domaged by the shootfly. The number of panicles harvested shows hov the
importance of domage for each variety is, particularly the percentage
of threshing was not influenced by the population densj.ty. It vas
statisticaly same for a11 varieties and densities as shovn below :
- SPV 351 : Dl 82.5 96, D2 82.4 %, D3 77.8 % and the mean 80.9 70;
- SPH 221 : Dl 80.4 %, DZ 80.7 40, 03 80.5 % and the mean: 80.5 %.
SPV 351 and SPH 221 have certain common characters. In effet, amy
significa\\,t difference vas not observed for plant height, panicle
length and thousand seed veight beetven these varieties.
Nevertheless, for the Panicles harvested and grain
yield, the difference vas highly significant and the SPH 221 vas
superior to SPV 351.
The difference va5 respectively 30,000 panicIes/ha
ano 700 kg grains/ha,
The laser deneity,(100,000 plants/ha) bac! highest
plant and lengthest panicfe ) floved by t'he medium density (150,000 pts/
ha).
The grain yield alsc vas superior in the lover density
flowed again by the medium density.That mears, the plant height and
panicle :Ler,gth determined by the plant density, influence the grain
yield,
Any difference significative was not observe8 beetven
these thwe (3) densities for the parricl.es harvest.ed and thoctsEr:d
seed weight.
For grain yield in SP\\! 351, the lover. plant Censity
vas superior to the others. And for CPH 221, the medium density vas
dominant in grain yield, but lightly suporior to medium density.
finy differenco statisticaly significant was not
ubserved for the interaction.
4O) - ConclLsio n :
In this year, the crops vas greatly affected by the
drought at the time of flnwering and the shi:ot fly.
In this experiment, SPH 221 was supericr in gr:l:in yield
than SPV 351. SPH 223. had also the better emeqency and seedling vicor.
For SPV 351 the best density was 100,000 plants,/ha
The plant density (150,000 pts/ha) war recoirmanded for SPH 221.
For getting more knowledge of the cause of superiority
of SPH 221 to SPV 351, it will be intererting to conduct again this
experiment in including
two (2) characters i n t h e observetions (lnomber
of plar:ts at the emergency and numbcr tillers).
5”) - Literature review :
a) - Los BARROS, University of Fhilipines 1981
XVIII, 133 II TANSïE 54 689
Effects of tillage, stand establishmant and nidue
management lcn performance of sorghun: grovn under upland and rainfed
lovland conditions.
b) - Preager HEFIMAN A,, Jr ; Thesis-Kansas State
University 1977 MF 5799
Field environnental conditions related t o tillering
and its contribution to yield of grain sorghum.
c> - Siddig T'WHAMED ; Thesis (M.SC) - American
University of Beirut.
Effect of row-width and stain on yield an other
characteristics of grain sorghum.
/6
w - VARiETY AND NITROGEN RESPONSE TR1AL iN PICARL M1LLE.T
I. mu
-I_- Y_-‘.-
1”) - Objective :
TO study respcnse of pEar1 millet varieties to nitrogen
;evcl for high yield in Semi-Arid Tropic Zones.
2O) - Materials and Methods :
- -
This experirr.ent vas condurted in glfisoi (RCW 13A)
of iCRiSPT Center FatancherL in rainy,season I.985.
ïts experiment design was Randomized Block Design (RBD)
with two (2) factors and four (4) replication ;
- Factor A
Variety :
??
BK560 (Vl) and ïVS 5454 (\\12)
- Factor B = Nitrogerl Leve.1 : 20 kg N/ha (Fl) , 40 kg IQ’ha
(FZ) and 60 kg N/ha (F3).
Number rows per plct : 4
Length of row : 5 meters
Row spacing : 0.75 mete:
Gross area per plct : 15 m2
Net area of plot hawested : 4.5 m2.
- A11 ferhilizer vas applilzd as basa1 appliceticn ;
* Diammonium phosphate (18 i0 N and 20 /O P) : 85 kgjha
foi each treatmer:t
* Ammonium Sulphate (20 %/Y) : 23 kg/ha for Fl,
123.5 kg/ha for F2 and 223.5 for F3.
- Date of scving 25.6.85
- Atrazirie was sprayed as pre-emergency appIlicst ion
- One (1) weeding with tractor and one (1) hand weeding
were done ir. thjs experimcnt
- Rainfall data is provided in table r:’ 3.
,.. /
. . .
/7
3O) - Results and dir-cussicn :
-CI-
Table no 2 : Summury of Selected means and data
--.---A
_ . - - - - . - - - <
-
- -
:
:
:
:
:
:
TREATMENTS
: Flou,ering
: Plant t:eight: panicle
: panicles : Thousand : Grain
: 50 %
: (Cm>
: length
: harwested
: Seed weight Yielc
: (days) :
: (Cm>
: (OOD/ha)
: (9)
: kg/ha
-------------------t-------------:-------------:-----------,
g------------:-----------:---------,
:
?
?
Factcr A : Vaiiety j
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
BK 560
:
51 :
176
:
40
I
275
:
6.24 : î 620
1vs 5454
:
:
:
51 ;
206
; 24
;
205 .
6.56
.
"
; 2 290
F
:
NS :
**
:
**
.
.
**
:
NS
:
**
SEM +
::
0.29 i
2.26 ;
0.31 ;
6.36 '
:
0.17
; 62
CD
:
1.05 i
8.35 :
1.14 :
23.47 :
:
235
:
:
:
.
:
.
-
-
-
-
-
- -L
-----.z----~-
Factor B : Nitrogsn i
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
.:
:
:
20 kg N
;
51 :
191
: 23 :
233
:
661
: 2 290
:
40kgN .
50 ;
187
: 22
;
:
246
.
:
:
6.03
: 2 580
:
60 kg K
:
;:1
:
191 : 22
.:
241
:
6.57
: 2 500
F
:
:
NS
: NS
:
:
:
.:
NS
: NS
"
NC
;
*
:
SEM +
:
0.35 :
2.77 :
0.38 :
7.79 I
0.21 :
7 5
CD
:
0.86 :
6.82 ;
0.93 :
19.16 ;
:
:
:
:
:
192
-
-
:-----:-
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
snteraction
:
:
:
.:
:
:
:
:
:
:
I
:
F
:
NS
:
NS
:
NS
:
NS
;*
:
N S
SEM +
::
0.5 ;
3.92 ;
0.54 :: 11.02 ;
0.29 ;
107
CD
:
:
:
:
1
0.97 :
-
- - -
-:
-:
"S, :- ----:--- ----'--p:
.
--.
cv (5%)
:
:
2 ;
4.
::
5 j
Y
::
Y
f
9
.
-.
-A --y - .-_
These twa (2) varietjes tested at three different
levels of nitroger; were not shown any difference at the emergency and
aeedling vigor.
They \\uere also flowery
and matured at the same times.
For the plant height, 1VS 5454 vas largely superior to
BK 560 (203 cm against 176 cm). Any difference statisticaly signlfirani
was net observed in the leveis of nitrogen and in the inteïactiori-
/8
The same observations for plant height is true also
for panicle
length (24 cm for 1VS 5454 and 20 cm for BK 560).
The number of panicles
harvested vas largely superio1
for bK 560. The nitrogen level and the interaction had not any effet on
the number of panicles harvested.
For the weight of thousand seeds, only the interaction
in F 3 (60 kg/ha) was shown significant : LVS 5454 was more heavy than
BK 560 (7.22 g against 5.92 g).
For the grain yield, some statistic differencc were
observed in each factor and not in the interacticn. in effect, BK 560
hed the better grain prcducticn than 1VS 5454 (2620 against 2300 kg/ha)
which vas influenced by the number of panicles harvested.
For Factor B, F2 (40 kg N) and F3 (60 kg N) were
statisticaly equal and superior to Fl (20 kg NJ.
When we compare tha percentage of threshing, 1VS 5454
vas suparior, And EK 560 vas superior in pahicles harvested and grain
yielc. it resulting that BK 561; had more tiller than 1VS 5454.
4O) - Conclusion :
i'm affred that 'che nitrogen appl.îer' as basa1
application haci reducing its effets of: the differer:te rates on
the
varicties t e s t c d .
Never theless, the vaciety BK 56C vas better than
~VS-5454 in grain yielc for. each rate of nitroger: in this case. lhis
superiority 3,s due to number of tillers moze important for BK 560.
Also, thc maximum yielc vas obtained with 40 kg N and
60 kg N/ha. But in including the economic effect, 40 kg N/ha is
recommanded.
. . . / . . .
/Y
5”) - iiterature r e v i e v :
a) - Kasana, N.A., and Chaudhary, R.R. 1981 Faklstan Journal
of Agric:ulture Research 2 (4) : 222-224. 4 ref.
+ Fertilizer (Nitrogen and phosphate ) requirement of peorl millet
tiariety "BY-18" in Pakistan.
bl - Gautam, R.C., anci Kanshik, S.K. 1981 . Fertizer News 26 (8) ; ZO-22,25.
+ Resporises of Pearl millet to Fert ilizer appliczatior?.
c) Ramakris#hma, Y .S., Sastri, A.S.R.A.S. and Rao, B.V.R. 1981
lndiar; Journal of Agronomu 26 (2) : 110-113. 5 Ref.
+ Drouyht vulnerability of Pearl millet under Jodh pur conditions.
d) - Beaty, E.P.., Engel, J.L., and poweil, J.D. 1977
Agronomu Journal 69 (2) : 308-311 - 14 Ref .
+ Yield,, leaf grouth, and tilleriny in bahiagrass by N rate an seasori.
/lO
Table no 3
Rainfpll Data
Total (484.2 mm
(59 days
-
-
.-
--
.
.
:
:
:
:
Months
:
June :
July
:
Augu5t
: Septemt'er : October
.
.
:
:
-
a - -
:
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
:
:
:
:
:
1
:
0.6 m,/m
:
:
:
:
.
2
:
12.8
:
.
:
:
:
:
0.6 mm
.
4.8 mm
.
:
:
43.4 mm
>
:
:
21.6 "
:
:
.
.
8.0
.
II
4
:
0.4
.
:
:
3.2 "
:
:
:
22 mm
:
:
:
ti.4 mm
5
:
3.3
:
1.6 II
:
:
1.6 "
:
16 '
6
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
7
:
18.2
:
,
-
:
.
.
1.6 "
:
12.6 mm
8
:
:
:
:
:
:
0.3 "
:
:
8.0 II
:
:
9
:
:
0.4 "
.
.
:
:
10
:
:
:
:
:
I I
:
:
:
1.8
:
:
11
:
:
:
3.2. II
:
:
12
:
:
:
:
:
I I
:
.
.
:
4.2
.:
23.2 "
.
.
13
:
:
:
5.3. II
.
.
:
14
:
:
:
:
:
I l
:
2.2 "
:
:
3.7
:
3.4 "
:
15
:
1.8 II
:
3.0 "
:
:
:
16
:
:
:
:
:
II
:
:
1.6 "
:
0.4
:
:
17
:
:
2.1 "
:
:
:
18
:
1.2 "
:
:
:
:
:
2.2 "
:
:
:
:
19
:
21.6 "
:
4.0 "
:
:
:
20
:
:
:
:
:
.
.
:
15.8 "
:
:
:
21
:
2.6 II
:
10.4 "
:
:
30.2"
:
22
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
23
:
:
?
26.6
:
:
?
24
:
:
:
?
:
:
.
1.6
.
II
2.0
:
:
?
25
:
11.8 "
:
4.4 "
:
:
?
5.8
5.6
.
II
26
.
1.2 "
:
?
:
:
:
:
8.0
0
?
:
?
:
27
:
:
:
?
8.2 II
:
28
:
:
:
?
:
:
:
22.2 "
.
?
.
:
29
:
3.3 Ii
:
5.2 "
?
:
i Totals
30
:
:
?
:
:
9.8 "
:
9.2 "
?
:
: 484.2 months
31
:
:
27.0 II
. 7.0
:
--
f-$9-
Total days : 13 days
-------v-
:
22 days _1_- days
: 11
:
8 days
:
:
:
.
:
Total m/m I 88.6 mm
:
173.4 mm
: 46.2 mm
i
95.6 mm
: 80.4 mm