J. Phytopathology 121, 366369 (1988) 0 1988 Paul ...
J. Phytopathology 121, 366369 (1988)
0 1988 Paul Parey Scientific Publishers, Berlin and Hamburg
ISSN 0931-1785
HT.30
Short Communications
Occurrence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus
on Cowpea in Senegal
,?i
i
ii
l
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c
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D. G. GAIKWAD and G. THOTTAPPILLY
Authors’ addresse:?: ISRA, CNRA, B.P. 53, Bambey (Senegal), and Virology Unit, International
Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan (Nigeria).
With one figure
Received March fi, 1987; accepted March 25, 1987
Abstract
.’
”
For identification of cowpea viruses existing in Sertegal, 180 samples ncollected from 4 different
locations were examined. Initially agar gel diffusion tests were employed to identify the viruses
present in these samples using antisera to 3 beetle-transmitted viruses viz. CPMV, SBMV and CMeV.
The results indicated the presence of SBMV in 78 samples mostly from Casarnanceyhile
none of these
viruses were detected in the samples collected from northern Senegal. Thbe results were later
confirmed by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Th is is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal.
Zusammenfassung
<
Auftreten des Southern Bean Mosaic Virus an der Augenblohne im Sene&
Es wurden 180 Augenbohnenproben aus 4 verschiedenen Gebieten im Senegal gesammelt, um
die Existenz der Viren zu beweisen. Zuerst wurden Agargeldiffusionstests mit Hilfe von Antisera auf
drei kaferübertragende Viren, und zwar CPMV, SBMV und CMeV, angewandt, um die in den Proben
vorhandenen Viren zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten das Vorhandensein vom SBMV in 78
Proben, die zum groBten Teil aus der Provinz Casamance im Siid-Senegal sta.mmten. Keine Probe aus
Nord-Senegal weist eines der getesteten Viren auf. Diese Ergebnisse wurden zu einem spateren
Termin durch ELISA bestatigt. über ein Auftreten des SBMV im Senegal wird zum ersten mal
berichtet.
Virus diseases are considered to be a major constraint in production of
cowpea (Vignu unguiculata [L.] Walp) and several viruses are known to infect
cowpea (THO~APPILLY and ROSSEL 1985).
US. Copyright Clearance Center Code Sratement:
0931-1785/88/2104-0366$02.,50/0
----
-1.-
II9
-*-
---
367
Occurrence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus on Cowpea in Senegal
Cowpeas are often affected by virus diseases in a11 ecological zones of
Senegal, although, they are more pronounced in Casamance region in southern
Senegal. The symptoms of the disease showed slight variation in the different
regions. The disease :in northern Senegal showed light green mottle with severe
leaf distortion while that in Casamance showed mottle with more yellowing and
rare leaf distortion. This difference in symptoms is probably due to different
viruses existing in two geographical zones in Senegal.
The distribution of the beetle, Oothecu mutubilis, vector of c(owpea mosaic
virus (CPMV) (CHANT 1959, BOCK 1971), cowpea mottle virus (CMeV) (SHOY-
1978, 1981)
INKA et al.
ALLEN et al.
and southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV)
1981)
(ALLEN et ul.
interestingly showed an abundance in the Casamance region
(Dr. Azz MBAYE, pers. Comm.).
In order to identify the viruses occurring in Senegal, virus, affected leaf
samples of cowpea were collected from different locations viz. Bambey (North
Central), Nioro (South Central), Sefa and Djibelor (Casamance region in south-
42
ern Senegal) during October 1986. Out of 180 samples collected,
were from
Bambey, 17 from Nioro, 14 from Sefa and the rest were from Djibelor. In our
initial experiments agar gel diffusion tests were employed to identify the viruses
Fig. 1. Map of Senegal showing locations of sqmple cokction
368
GMWAI) and THOTTAIWLLY
present in these samples using antisera to the three beetle-transmitted viruses, viz.
CPMV, SBMV and CMeV obtained from IITA, Nigeria.
Al1 samples collected from Bambey showed negative reaction against antisera
of the 3 viruses indicating that none of these viruses were prevailing in this region.
Five samples collected from Nioro and 4 from Sefa showed positive reaction to
antiserum of SBMV but negative reaction to antisera of CPMV and CMeV. Rest
of the samples from these locations showed negative reaction to aatisera of a11 the
three viruses. Out of 107 samples collected from Djibelor, 69 showed positive
reaction to antiserum of SBMV but negative reaction to antisera of CPMV and
CMeV. The rest of the samples showed negative reaction to the antisera of a11 the
3 viruses.
The above results were again confirmed by ELISA.
Although a11 viruses occurring in cowpea in Senegal are not yet identified,
the present results clearly indicate that SBMV was predominant in Casamance
region of Senegal during 1986 trop season. This is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal and its wide spread occurrence (Nioro, Sefa and Djibelor)
emphasises the possible spread to other areas and the need to identify varieties
with resistance
to this and other viruses in the region.
Field occurrence of southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) on cowpea, Vigne
tuzguiculata L. (Walp.) was first reported from the U.S.A. (K.UHN 1963) and
subsequentiy from India (SINGH and SINGH 1974). In Africa, SBMV on cowpea
was first reported from Ghana (LAMPTEY and HAMILTON 1974). Subsequently it
was reported from :Nigeria (LADIPO 1975, SHOYINKA et al. 1979) a.nd Ivory Coast
(FAUQUET and THOUVENEL 1980, GIVOKI) 1981).
The attempts to identify other viruses present in Senegal Will be continued
.
using antisera to other cowpea viruses.
The help rendered by Mr. NGOR DIA<;NE, technician, Bambey, is gratefully acknowledged.
Literature
ALLEN, D. J., f’. 0. ANW-NYAKO,
R. S. (kfmNG, artd M. RATITXUM, 1981: Beetle transmission of
cowpea mottle and southern bean mosaic virus in West Africa. Trop. A.gric. (Trinidad) 58,
171-175.
&XK, K. R., 1971: Notes on East African plant diseases. 1. Cowpea mosaic virus. East Afr. Agric.
Forest. J. 37, 60--62.
CIIANT, S. R., 1959: Viruses of cowpea, V&u unguicdata L. (Walp.) in Nigeria. Ann Appl. Biol.
47, 565-573.
FAUQUFT, C., and J. C. Tf-IOUVI:NCI.,
1980: Viral diseases of trop plants in Ivory Coast. Paris.
ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifiques et Technique Outre-mer).
(~IVORD, L., 19X I : Southern bean mosaic virus located from cowpea (Vigna mguiculittu) in the Ivora
Coast. Plant Disease 65, 755-756.
KCHN, C. W., 1963: Field occurrence and properties of the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic
virus. Phytophat’ology 53, 732-733.
LA~O, J. L., 1975: Southern bean mosaic virus (cowpea strain) in Nigeria. Nigeria Agriç. J. 12,
25-28.
LAMPTEY, P. N., and R. 1. HAMfI.TON,
1974: A new cowpea strain of southcrn bean mosaic virus
from Ghana. Phytopathology 64, 1100-l 104.
Occurrence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus on Cowpea in Senegal
369
SI~GH, R., and R. SINGH, 1974: Natural infection of sickle sena (C&a tom L.) and cowpea (Vigna
sinensis Savi) plants hy some new strain of southern bean mosaic virus. Partugalia Acta
Biologica 13, 87-89.
SHDYINKA, S. A., R. F. BC)ZARTH, J. REES, and H. W. ROSSEL, 1978: Cowpea mottle virus: a seed-
borne virus with distinctive properties infecting cowpea in Nigeria. Phytopathology 68,
693-699.
-.- - - - - -, and B. 0. OKUSANYA, 1979: Field occurrence and identification of southern
‘b eanmosaic virus (cowpea strain) in Nigeria. Turrialba 29, 11 l-l 16.
THOTTAPPIUY, G., and I-1. W. ROSSEL, 1985: World-wide occurrence and distribution of virus
diseases. In: SINGH, S. R., and K. 0. RACHIE (eds.), Cowpea Research, Production and
Utilization, pp. 155-171. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
.1. Phytopathology. Bd. 121,l Ieft 4
2 4
“-.-
- _--_.
~
VIS
-_.
_-
-.-
0 1988 Paul Parey Scientific Publishers, Berlin and Hamburg
ISSN 0931-1785
HT.30
Short Communications
Occurrence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus
on Cowpea in Senegal
,?i
i
ii
l
<
c
‘)
D. G. GAIKWAD and G. THOTTAPPILLY
Authors’ addresse:?: ISRA, CNRA, B.P. 53, Bambey (Senegal), and Virology Unit, International
Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan (Nigeria).
With one figure
Received March fi, 1987; accepted March 25, 1987
Abstract
.’
”
For identification of cowpea viruses existing in Sertegal, 180 samples ncollected from 4 different
locations were examined. Initially agar gel diffusion tests were employed to identify the viruses
present in these samples using antisera to 3 beetle-transmitted viruses viz. CPMV, SBMV and CMeV.
The results indicated the presence of SBMV in 78 samples mostly from Casarnanceyhile
none of these
viruses were detected in the samples collected from northern Senegal. Thbe results were later
confirmed by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Th is is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal.
Zusammenfassung
<
Auftreten des Southern Bean Mosaic Virus an der Augenblohne im Sene&
Es wurden 180 Augenbohnenproben aus 4 verschiedenen Gebieten im Senegal gesammelt, um
die Existenz der Viren zu beweisen. Zuerst wurden Agargeldiffusionstests mit Hilfe von Antisera auf
drei kaferübertragende Viren, und zwar CPMV, SBMV und CMeV, angewandt, um die in den Proben
vorhandenen Viren zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten das Vorhandensein vom SBMV in 78
Proben, die zum groBten Teil aus der Provinz Casamance im Siid-Senegal sta.mmten. Keine Probe aus
Nord-Senegal weist eines der getesteten Viren auf. Diese Ergebnisse wurden zu einem spateren
Termin durch ELISA bestatigt. über ein Auftreten des SBMV im Senegal wird zum ersten mal
berichtet.
Virus diseases are considered to be a major constraint in production of
cowpea (Vignu unguiculata [L.] Walp) and several viruses are known to infect
cowpea (THO~APPILLY and ROSSEL 1985).
US. Copyright Clearance Center Code Sratement:
0931-1785/88/2104-0366$02.,50/0
----
-1.-
II9
-*-
---
367
Occurrence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus on Cowpea in Senegal
Cowpeas are often affected by virus diseases in a11 ecological zones of
Senegal, although, they are more pronounced in Casamance region in southern
Senegal. The symptoms of the disease showed slight variation in the different
regions. The disease :in northern Senegal showed light green mottle with severe
leaf distortion while that in Casamance showed mottle with more yellowing and
rare leaf distortion. This difference in symptoms is probably due to different
viruses existing in two geographical zones in Senegal.
The distribution of the beetle, Oothecu mutubilis, vector of c(owpea mosaic
virus (CPMV) (CHANT 1959, BOCK 1971), cowpea mottle virus (CMeV) (SHOY-
1978, 1981)
INKA et al.
ALLEN et al.
and southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV)
1981)
(ALLEN et ul.
interestingly showed an abundance in the Casamance region
(Dr. Azz MBAYE, pers. Comm.).
In order to identify the viruses occurring in Senegal, virus, affected leaf
samples of cowpea were collected from different locations viz. Bambey (North
Central), Nioro (South Central), Sefa and Djibelor (Casamance region in south-
42
ern Senegal) during October 1986. Out of 180 samples collected,
were from
Bambey, 17 from Nioro, 14 from Sefa and the rest were from Djibelor. In our
initial experiments agar gel diffusion tests were employed to identify the viruses
Fig. 1. Map of Senegal showing locations of sqmple cokction
368
GMWAI) and THOTTAIWLLY
present in these samples using antisera to the three beetle-transmitted viruses, viz.
CPMV, SBMV and CMeV obtained from IITA, Nigeria.
Al1 samples collected from Bambey showed negative reaction against antisera
of the 3 viruses indicating that none of these viruses were prevailing in this region.
Five samples collected from Nioro and 4 from Sefa showed positive reaction to
antiserum of SBMV but negative reaction to antisera of CPMV and CMeV. Rest
of the samples from these locations showed negative reaction to aatisera of a11 the
three viruses. Out of 107 samples collected from Djibelor, 69 showed positive
reaction to antiserum of SBMV but negative reaction to antisera of CPMV and
CMeV. The rest of the samples showed negative reaction to the antisera of a11 the
3 viruses.
The above results were again confirmed by ELISA.
Although a11 viruses occurring in cowpea in Senegal are not yet identified,
the present results clearly indicate that SBMV was predominant in Casamance
region of Senegal during 1986 trop season. This is the first report of occurrence of
SBMV in Senegal and its wide spread occurrence (Nioro, Sefa and Djibelor)
emphasises the possible spread to other areas and the need to identify varieties
with resistance
to this and other viruses in the region.
Field occurrence of southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) on cowpea, Vigne
tuzguiculata L. (Walp.) was first reported from the U.S.A. (K.UHN 1963) and
subsequentiy from India (SINGH and SINGH 1974). In Africa, SBMV on cowpea
was first reported from Ghana (LAMPTEY and HAMILTON 1974). Subsequently it
was reported from :Nigeria (LADIPO 1975, SHOYINKA et al. 1979) a.nd Ivory Coast
(FAUQUET and THOUVENEL 1980, GIVOKI) 1981).
The attempts to identify other viruses present in Senegal Will be continued
.
using antisera to other cowpea viruses.
The help rendered by Mr. NGOR DIA<;NE, technician, Bambey, is gratefully acknowledged.
Literature
ALLEN, D. J., f’. 0. ANW-NYAKO,
R. S. (kfmNG, artd M. RATITXUM, 1981: Beetle transmission of
cowpea mottle and southern bean mosaic virus in West Africa. Trop. A.gric. (Trinidad) 58,
171-175.
&XK, K. R., 1971: Notes on East African plant diseases. 1. Cowpea mosaic virus. East Afr. Agric.
Forest. J. 37, 60--62.
CIIANT, S. R., 1959: Viruses of cowpea, V&u unguicdata L. (Walp.) in Nigeria. Ann Appl. Biol.
47, 565-573.
FAUQUFT, C., and J. C. Tf-IOUVI:NCI.,
1980: Viral diseases of trop plants in Ivory Coast. Paris.
ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifiques et Technique Outre-mer).
(~IVORD, L., 19X I : Southern bean mosaic virus located from cowpea (Vigna mguiculittu) in the Ivora
Coast. Plant Disease 65, 755-756.
KCHN, C. W., 1963: Field occurrence and properties of the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic
virus. Phytophat’ology 53, 732-733.
LA~O, J. L., 1975: Southern bean mosaic virus (cowpea strain) in Nigeria. Nigeria Agriç. J. 12,
25-28.
LAMPTEY, P. N., and R. 1. HAMfI.TON,
1974: A new cowpea strain of southcrn bean mosaic virus
from Ghana. Phytopathology 64, 1100-l 104.
Occurrence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus on Cowpea in Senegal
369
SI~GH, R., and R. SINGH, 1974: Natural infection of sickle sena (C&a tom L.) and cowpea (Vigna
sinensis Savi) plants hy some new strain of southern bean mosaic virus. Partugalia Acta
Biologica 13, 87-89.
SHDYINKA, S. A., R. F. BC)ZARTH, J. REES, and H. W. ROSSEL, 1978: Cowpea mottle virus: a seed-
borne virus with distinctive properties infecting cowpea in Nigeria. Phytopathology 68,
693-699.
-.- - - - - -, and B. 0. OKUSANYA, 1979: Field occurrence and identification of southern
‘b eanmosaic virus (cowpea strain) in Nigeria. Turrialba 29, 11 l-l 16.
THOTTAPPIUY, G., and I-1. W. ROSSEL, 1985: World-wide occurrence and distribution of virus
diseases. In: SINGH, S. R., and K. 0. RACHIE (eds.), Cowpea Research, Production and
Utilization, pp. 155-171. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
.1. Phytopathology. Bd. 121,l Ieft 4
2 4
“-.-
- _--_.
~
VIS
-_.
_-
-.-