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Ecological Informatics. Understanding flying insect dispersion: Multiscale analyses of fragmented landscapes [texte imprimé] / Mamadou Ciss, Auteur ; N Parisey, Auteur ; C- A Dedryver, Auteur ; J-S Pierre, Auteur . - (FR) : INRA UMR, 2012 . - 05p. : ref,;. Langues : Anglais ( eng) Catégories : | PROTECTION DES PLANTES ET DES PRODUITS ENTREPOSES
| Mots-clés : | Fragment du Paysage, Insecte Volant Explosion, Dispersion des insectes | Index. décimale : | H110- Insectes nuisibles-Entomologie | Résumé : | A multiscale model was developed to simulate the rate of landing of a winged insect, the grain aphid, Sitobion
avenae F. At a large scale (kilometric scale), it is convenient to use a deterministic model of their dispersion,
based upon diffusion–advection–reaction partial derivative equations. At a small scale (hectometric scale),
the process of site selection (‘landing’) is only partially understood, but is known to include the perception
of field colour and landscape characteristics. Several hypotheses on aphids' behaviour were tested to simulate
the rate of landing: the simulation was done by a cellular automata submodel under five different hypotheses
on the precise organisation of the landing behaviour. We found a strong interaction between the effect of the
proportion of wheat crops in the landscape and their spatial organisation. The spatial correlation between the
places occupied by wheat crops appears crucial to determine the global rate of landing of the aerial insect
stock. The shape of the response surface of landing rate against the proportion of surface occupied by
wheat, and the spatial autocorrelation of wheat plots, appears very regular and relatively simple to model
by ad hoc mathematical functions. Large scale simulations using the results of the small scale model in a
diffusion–reaction equation solved numerically, showed that, on a real landscape extracted from a GIS on the
whole Brittany region (western France), the spatial pattern of the aphid landing is sensitive to the hypothesis
tested on their landing behaviour. This hierarchical modelling combining two different approaches at two different
scales (mathematical deterministic equations on a large multi-kilometric scale, and partly stochastic cellular
automata on a small hectometric scale), requires methods to validate its results in the field, in the framework of a
decision support system. Such amultiscalemodel has a wide field of application including not only plant protection
but also management and conservancy of animal species dispersing by flight. |
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ZV0170037 | H110- CIS | Article scientifique | LNERV | Rayons | Exclu du prêt |
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A spatiotemporal model for predicting grain aphid population dynamics and optimizing insecticide sprays at the scale of continental France [texte imprimé] / Mamadou Ciss, Auteur ; N Parisey, Auteur ; F Moreau, Auteur ; C- A Dedryver, Auteur ; J-S Pierre, Auteur . - (FR) : INRA UMR, 2013 . - 09p. Langues : Anglais ( eng) Catégories : | PROTECTION DES PLANTES ET DES PRODUITS ENTREPOSES
| Mots-clés : | Contrôle Chimique, Population Dynamique, Insecticide, France | Index. décimale : | H112-Biologie des éspéces-Dynamique des populations | Résumé : | We expose here a detailed spatially explicit model
of aphid population dynamics at the scale of a whole country
(Metropolitan France). It is based on convection–diffusionreaction
equations, driven by abiotic and biotic factors. The
target species is the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae F., considering
both its winged and apterous morphs. In this preliminary
work, simulations for year 2004 (an outbreak case) produced
realistic aphid densities, and showed that both spatial and
temporal S. avenae population dynamics can be represented
as an irregular wave of population peak densities from southwest
to northeast of the country, driven by gradients or differences
in temperature, wheat phenology, and wheat surfaces.
This wave pattern fits well to our knowledge of S. avenae
phenology. The effects of three insecticide spray regimes were
simulated in five different sites and showed that insecticide
sprays were ineffective in terms of yield increase after wheat
flowering. After suitable validation, which will require some
further years of observations, the model will be used to |
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Exemplaires
Disponibilité |
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ZV0170038 | H112- CIS | Article scientifique | LNERV | Rayons | Exclu du prêt |
Documents numériques
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Response of Insect Relative Growth Rate to Temperature and Host-Plant Phenology: Estimation and Validation from Field Data [texte imprimé] / Mamadou Ciss, Auteur ; N Parisey, Auteur ; G Fournier, Auteur ; P Taupin, Auteur ; C- A Dedryver, Auteur ; J-S Pierre, Auteur . - (FR) : INRA UMR, 2014 . - 09p. : ref,;. Langues : Anglais ( eng) Catégories : | PROTECTION DES PLANTES ET DES PRODUITS ENTREPOSES
| Mots-clés : | Insecte, Plante Phrénologique, Température, Champ, Estimation et Validation | Index. décimale : | H112-Biologie des éspéces-Dynamique des populations | Résumé : | Between 1975 to 2011, aphid Relative Growth Rates (RGR) were modelled as a function of mean outdoor temperature and
host plant phenology. The model was applied to the grain aphid Sitobion avenae using data on aphid counts in winter
wheat at two different climate regions in France (oceanic climate, Rennes (western France); continental climate, Paris). Mean
observed aphid RGR was higher in Paris compared to the Rennes region. RGR increased with mean temperature, which is
explained by aphid reproduction, growth and development being dependent on ambient temperature. From the stem
extension to the heading stage in wheat, there was either a plateau in RGR values (Rennes) or an increase with a maximum
at heading (Paris) due to high intrinsic rates of increase in aphids and also to aphid immigration. From the wheat flowering
to the ripening stage, RGR decreased in both regions due to the low intrinsic rate of increase in aphids and high emigration
rate linked to reduced nutrient quality in maturing wheat. The model validation process showed that the fitted models have
more predictive power in the Paris region than in the Rennes region. |
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Exemplaires
Disponibilité |
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ZV0170039 | H112- CIS | Article scientifique | LNERV | Rayons | Exclu du prêt |
Documents numériques
Cliquer pour voir pdfURL | | |
A model-based approach to assess the effectiveness of pest biocontrol by natural enemies [texte imprimé] / Mamadou Ciss, Auteur ; S Poggi, Auteur ; M.M Memmah, Auteur ; P Franck, Auteur ; M Gosme, Auteur ; N Parisey, Auteur ; L Roques, Auteur . - (FR) : INRA UMR, [s.d.] . - 13p. : ref,;. Langues : Anglais ( eng) Catégories : | PROTECTION DES PLANTES ET DES PRODUITS ENTREPOSES
| Mots-clés : | Contrôle de la Peste, Ennemies de la Nature, Environnement, Productivité | Index. décimale : | H010-Protection des plantes - Généralités | Résumé : | Main goal: The aim of this note is to propose a modeling approach for assessing the effectiveness of pest biocontrol by natural enemies in diversified agricultural landscapes including several pesticide-based management strategies. Our approach combines a stochastic landscape model with a spatially-explicit model of population dynamics. It enables us to analyze the effect of the landscape composition (proportion of semi-natural habitat, non-treated crops, slightly treated crops and conventionally treated crops) on the effectiveness of pest biocontrol. Effectiveness is measured through environmental and agronomical descriptors, measuring respectively the impact of the pesticides on the environment and the average agronomic productivity of the whole landscape taking into account losses caused by pests. |
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Exemplaires
Disponibilité |
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ZV0170040 | H010- CIS | Article scientifique | LNERV | Rayons | Exclu du prêt |
Documents numériques
Cliquer pour voir pdfURL | | |