American Chemical Society: Washington, DC,, N°16. Morphologic and Biochemical Diversity of Peasant’s Baobab Tree (Adansonia digitata L.) Morphotypes in Senegal, African Natural Plant Products Volume II: Discoveries and Challenges in Chemistry, Health, and Nutrition; Juliani, H., et al. [texte imprimé] / Diaminatou Sanogo, Auteur ; B DIEDHIOU, Auteur ; A. Diop, Auteur ; H SANOU, Auteur ; M THIOME, Auteur ; Y.K Gassama, Auteur ; E BASSÈNE, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp- 256-271. Langues : Anglais ( eng) Catégories : | FORESTERIE
| Résumé : | Adansonia digitata L. is a multi-purpose species which plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of Sub-Saharan populations. In Senegal, peasants distinguish various morphotypes of baobab according to their fruit traits. This study evaluates the morpho-biochemical significance of these local morphotypes using a scientific approach. Surveys were carried out in 2006, in thirteen villages of three various agro-ecological zone of Senegal, to identify criteria used in describing baobab morphotypes by peasants. Four morphotypes of baobabs trees were recognized by five ethnic groups according to the characteristics of the fruit like pulp taste, pulp quantity and the weight of the fruit. Eleven morphological markers (tree height and circumference, powder puff diameter, fruit circumference and length, pulp weight, fruit weight, the ratio of pulp weight and fruit weight, seed weight, fibers weight, thickness of endocarp) and two biochemical markers (total sugars and reducing sugars) were used to characterize these morphotypes through 96 sampled baobab trees and 1617 fruits in thirteen collections sites distributed over three different agroclimatic zones (Sudano-Guinean, Sudano-Sahelian and Sahelian). Only length of fruit, total sugars and reducing sugars contents allowed identifying four groups of Andansonia digitata which correlate with the traditional morphotypes. Characters used for the traditional classification are largely dependent on biochemical markers. Others characters such as mineral content (calcium, magnesium, iron) were also determined in pulp fruits. Thus, biochemical differentiation is found between the morphotypes of baobab in Senegal. This characterization of peasant’s morphotypes according to morphobiochemical variables allowed for a precise typology of baobab varieties in Senegal. |
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